Abstract
Carbonate reservoirs are extremely heterogeneous owing to its variation in primary and secondary porosity types that affect the elastic properties of the reservoir. The Differential Effective Medium modelling approach is applied to determine the elastic properties of rocks and porosity partitioning of carbonate reservoir located in the western offshore region, India. The modelling requires the input from sonic derived logs and experimental data from the core samples. The Scanning Electron Microscope images of cores from two different depths are analyzed by watershed algorithm and binary digitization method to quantify the type of pores into cracks, interparticle and stiff defined by their aspect-ratios. The sonic velocities were inverted using Sequential Least-Squares Programming (SLSQP) optimization technique for the entire depth range of the well log from X110.20 m to X611.90 m. The partitioning of porosity derived by the DEM technique provides the relative percentage of the porosity types with depth and varies between 2 and 28% for the carbonate reservoir. In the reservoir section, most of porosity is contributed from stiff and interparticle types while the cracks contribute less than 20% of the total porosity.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Batzle M, Wang Z (1992) Seismic properties of pore fluids. Geophysics 57(11):1396–1408. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443207
Berryman JG (1992) Single-scattering approximations for coefficients in Biot’s equations of poroelasticity. J Acoust Soc Am 91:551–571. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.402518
Berryman JG, Pride SR, Wang HF (2002) A differential scheme for elastic properties of rocks with dry or saturated cracks. Geophys J Int 151:597–611
Biot MA (1956) Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid saturated porous solid. I. Low frequency range. J Acoust Soc Am 28:168–178. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1908239
Eberli GP, Baechle GT, Anselmetti FS, Incze ML (2003) Factors controlling elastic properties in carbonate sediments and rocks. Lead Edge 22:654–660. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1599691
Gassmann F (1951) Über die Elastizität poröser Medien: Veirteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich. Zürich 96:1–23
Ghosh A, Nagar A, Vasudevan K, Lal H (2017) A robust algorithm to predict porosity partition for carbonate reservoirs. In: SEG Technical program expanded abstracts, Houston, https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2017-17784137.1
Han DH (2004) Velocity in carbonate rocks: Annual report, rock physics and fluid consortium
Hill R (1952) The elastic behaviour of a crystalline aggregate. Proc Phys Soc Sect A 65:349. https://doi.org/10.1088/0370-1298/65/5/307
Keys RG, Xu S (2002) An approximation for the Xu-White velocity model. Geophysics 67:1406–1414. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1512786
Kraft D (1988) A software package for sequential quadratic programming. Forschungsbericht-Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, DFVLR, Köln
Kuster GT, Toksöz MN (1974) Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media: part 1—theoretical formulations. Geophysics 39:587–606. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440450
Lian J, Xiao-Tao W, Dong-Hong Z, Zhen-Hua H, Xi-Lei H (2012) The constructing of pore structure factor in carbonate rocks and the inversion of reservoir parameters. Appl Geophys 9:223–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-012-0333-5
Lucia FJ (1999) Carbonate reservoir characterization: an integrated approach. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-66203985-4
Mavko G, Mukerji T, Dvorkin J (1998) The rock physics handbook: tools for seismic analysis of porous media. Cambridge University Press, New York
Misaghi A, Negahban S, Landrø M, Javaherian A (2010) A comparison of rock physics models for fluid substitution in carbonate rocks. Expl Geophys 41:146–154
Neto IAL, Misságia RM, Ceia MA, Archilha NL, Oliveira LC (2014) Carbonate pore system evaluation using the velocity–porosity–pressure relationship, digital image analysis, and differential effective medium theory. J Appl Geophys 110:23–33
Norris AN (1985) A differential scheme for the effective moduli of composites. Mech Mater 4(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6636(85)90002-X
Sarkar P, Kumar A, Singh KH, Ghosh R, Singh TN (2018) Pore system, microstructure and porosity characterization of Gondwana shale of Eastern India using laboratory experiment and watershed image segmentation algorithm. Marine and Petrol Geol 94:246–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.04.006
Sun YF, Berteussen K, Vega S, Eberli GP, Baechle GT, Weger RJ (2006) Effects of pore structure on 4D seismic signals in carbonate reservoirs. In: 76th Annual international meeting, SEG, expanded abstracts, pp 3260–3264
Wood AW (1955) A textbook of sound. McMillan Co., New York, USA
Xu S, White RE (1995) A new velocity model for clay-sand mixtures1. Geophys Prospect 43:91–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1995.tb00126.x
Xu S, Payne MA (2009) Modeling elastic properties in carbonate rocks. Lead Edge 28:66–74. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3064148
Zhao L, Nasser M, Han D-H (2013) Quantitative geophysical pore-type characterisation and its geological implication in carbonate reservoirs. Geophys Prospect 61(4):827–841. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12043
Zimmerman RW (1985) The effect of microcracks on the elastic moduli of brittle materials. J Mater Sci Lett 4:1457–1460. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00721363
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Singh, K.H., Kumar, A., Pandit, S., Soni, A. (2020). Partitioning of Porosity for Carbonate Reservoirs Using Differential Effective Medium Models. In: Singh, K., Joshi, R. (eds) Petro-physics and Rock Physics of Carbonate Reservoirs. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1211-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1211-3_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-1210-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-1211-3
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)