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Stem Cell Therapy in Stroke

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Translational Research in Stroke

Part of the book series: Translational Medicine Research ((TRAMERE))

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Abstract

Stem cell-based treatment for ischemic stroke has shown its effectiveness in animal models and clinical trials. In this chapter, we describe different types and delivery routes of stem cells for therapy, the tracing of stem cells after delivery, and the clinical challenges and strategies in the future. Stem cells derived from various tissues have shown their beneficial role for functional recovery after stroke. Although the mechanism of stem cell-based therapy is not fully understood, it may include the releasing of growth factors, microenvironment regulation, and the preparation of repairing the blood-brain barrier integrity. Clinical applications of stem cell-based therapy are still in infancy. The future of clinical study in the stem cell-based therapy in the stroke field needs to focus on the modification of stem cells or combining different types of stem cells to enhance the therapeutic efficacy, mechanisms of stem cells action, and translation to clinical applications. Stem cell treatment is a promising regenerative therapeutic strategy because it can prevent neuronal cell apoptosis, inhibit pro-inflammatory cell recruitment, secrete multiple neurotropic factors, and promote neural differentiation.

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Abbreviations

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

EPCs:

Endothelial progenitor cells

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

iPS:

Inducible pluripotent stem

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NSCs:

Neural stem cells

SDF-1α:

Stromal cell-derived factor 1-α

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VEGFR2:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

VPCs:

Vascular progenitor cells

VSELs:

Very small embryonic-like stem cells

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  1. Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China

    Yaying Song, Guo-Yuan Yang & Zhijun Zhang

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  1. Yaying Song
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  2. Guo-Yuan Yang
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  3. Zhijun Zhang
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Correspondence to Zhijun Zhang .

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  1. Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Paul A. Lapchak

  2. Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Guo-Yuan Yang

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© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press

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Song, Y., Yang, GY., Zhang, Z. (2017). Stem Cell Therapy in Stroke. In: Lapchak, P., Yang, GY. (eds) Translational Research in Stroke. Translational Medicine Research. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5804-2_21

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