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Human Milk Microbiome: A Perspective to Healthy and Infected Individuals

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Understanding Host-Microbiome Interactions - An Omics Approach

Abstract

Human milk is a vital source of nutrient as well as a continuous source of bacteria to newborn. Microbes are present in milk aid to initiation and development of infant gut microflora. These bacteria play a vital role in lessening of incidences and severity of infection to the child. Breast milk protects the newborn against infectious diseases, as it consists of different antimicrobial compounds, immunoglobulin, immune component cells, and bacteriocins secreted by probiotic bacteria, which all together provoke the growth of the helpful bacteria in neonate gut. However, breastfeeding mothers may also experience a condition called mastitis. Mastitis, one of the most common conditions experienced by breastfeeding mother, is an inflammation of connective tissue within the mammary gland. It is caused by a mixture of pathogenic bacteria and often treated with antimicrobials. The recent advances in metagenomic sequencing and amplicon sequencing technologies, which try to capture all the DNA information from the biological sample, have been widely used for the characterization of microbial community present within a sample and identification of unknown etiological agents involved in diseased condition. In the present review, effort has been made to understand the development of milk microflora and also the microbial diversity in healthy and infected breast. The present article reveals that breast milk is a source of more life than we envision.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388 001, Gujarat, India

    Chaitanya Joshi

  2. Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Science and Technology (CISST), Sardar Patel University, V.V. Nagar, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Anju Kunjadiya

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Correspondence to Anju Kunjadiya .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Saurashtra University, UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

    Ravindra Pal Singh

  2. Saurashtra University, UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

    Ramesh Kothari

  3. Anand Agricultural University, College of Vet. Sc. & Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Prakash G. Koringa

  4. Saurashtra University, UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

    Satya Prakash Singh

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Joshi, C., Kunjadiya, A. (2017). Human Milk Microbiome: A Perspective to Healthy and Infected Individuals. In: Singh, R., Kothari, R., Koringa, P., Singh, S. (eds) Understanding Host-Microbiome Interactions - An Omics Approach. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5050-3_7

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