Skip to main content

Transition Metal-Mediated Radical Fluorination for Preparing Alkyl Fluorides

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Fluorination

Part of the book series: Synthetic Organofluorine Chemistry ((SYOC))

  • 750 Accesses

Introduction

Transition metals play a vital role in modern synthetic organic chemistry. Transition metal-mediated radical reactions have also been firmly established as an indispensable tool in organic synthesis. However, their importance in C(sp3)–F bond formations was not realized until Li et al. reported the silver-catalyzed decarboxylative fluorination of aliphatic carboxylic acids in 2012 [1]. Following Li’s pioneer work, several research groups reported a number of remarkable results in this area in the past 5 years. These efforts have significantly pushed forward the development of transition metal-mediated radical fluorination, which has now emerged as a powerful and versatile tool for the synthesis of alkyl fluorides. In this entry, these advancements will be discussed based on the types of transition metals employed.

Silver

In 2012, Li et al. reported the silver-catalyzed decarboxylative fluorination of aliphatic carboxylic acids in aqueous solution [1]. The reactions...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 599.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Yin F, Wang Z, Li Z, Li C (2012) Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative fluorination of aliphatic carboxylic acids in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 134:10401–10404

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Patel NP, Flowers RA II (2015) Mechanistic study of silver-catalyzed decarboxylative fluorination. J Org Chem 80:5834–5841

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Mizuta S, et al (2013) Catalytic decarboxylative fluorination for the synthesis of tri- and difluoromethyl arenes. Org Lett 15:2648–2651

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhou J, Jin C, Su W (2014) Improved synthesis of fluticasone propionate. Org Process Res Dev 18:928–933

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Phae-nok S, Soorukram D, Kuhakarn C, Reutrakul V, Pohmakotr M (2015) Silver-mediated decarboxylative fluorination of paraconic acids: a direct entry to β-fluorinated γ-butyrolactones. Eur J Org Chem 2015:2879–2888

    Google Scholar 

  6. Goh YL, Adsool VA (2015) Radical fluorination powered expedient synthesis of 3-fluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-amine. Org Biomol Chem 13:11597–11601

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kokhan SO, et al (2016) Design, synthesis and application of an optimized monofluorinated aliphatic label for peptide studies by solid-state 19F NMR spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:14788–14792

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Havlik J, et al (2016) Benchtop fluorination of fluorescent nanodiamonds on a preparative scale: toward unusually hydrophilic bright particles. Adv Funct Mater 26:4134–4142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Xing R, Li Y, Yu H (2016) Preparation of fluoro-functionalized graphene oxide via the Hunsdiecher reaction. Chem Commun 52:390–393

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhou M, Ni C, He Z, Hu, J (2016) O-trifluoromethylation of phenols: access to aryl trifluoromethyl ethers by O-carboxydifluoromethylation and decarboxylative fluorination. Org Lett 18:3754–3757

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Li Z, Wang Z, Zhu L, Tan X, Li C (2014) Silver-catalyzed radical fluorination of alkylboronates in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 136:16439–16443

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Li Z, Song L, Li C (2013) Silver-catalyzed radical aminofluorination of unactivated alkenes in aqueous media. J Am Chem Soc 135:4640–4643

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang C, Li Z, Zhu L, Yu L, Wang Z, Li C (2013) Silver-catalyzed radical phosphonofluorination of unactivated alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 135:14082–14085

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhu L, Chen H, Wang Z, Li C (2014) Formal fluorine atom transfer radical addition: silver-catalyzed carbofluorination of unactivated alkenes with ketones in aqueous solution. Org Chem Front 1:1299–1305

    Google Scholar 

  15. Chen H, Zhu L, Li C (2017) Silver-catalyzed radical carbofluorination of unactivated alkenes with acetic acid in aqueous solution. Org Chem Front 4:565–568

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang H, Guo LN, Duan XH (2014) Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative acylfluorination of styrenes in aqueous media. Chem Commun 50:7382–7384

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu YY, Yang J, Song RJ, Li JH (2014) Synthesis of 5-(fluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles by silver-catalyzed oxyfluorination of unactivated alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 356:2913–2918

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Li Y, Jiang X, Zhao C, Fu X, Xu X, Tang P (2017) Silver-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov hydroxyfluorination of styrenes. ACS Catal 7:1606–1609

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Yu W, Xu XH, Qing FL (2015) Silver-mediated oxidative fluorotrifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 357:2039–2044

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhao H, Fan X, Yu J, Zhu C (2015) Silver-catalyzed ring-opening strategy for the synthesis of β- and γ-fluorinated ketones. J Am Chem Soc 137:3490–3493

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ishida N, Okumura S, Nakanishi Y, Murakami, M (2015) Ring-opening fluorination of cyclobutanols and cyclopropanols catalyzed by silver. Chem Lett 44:821–823

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ren S, Feng C, Loh TP (2015) Iron- or silver-catalyzed oxidative fluorination of cyclopropanols for the synthesis of β-fluoroketones. Org Biomol Chem 13:5105–5109

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Xu P, Guo S, Wang L, Tang P (2014) Silver-catalyzed oxidative activation of benzylic C-H bonds for the synthesis of difluoromethylated arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:5955–5958

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhang QW, Brusoe AT, Mascitti V, Hesp KD, Blakemore DC, Kohrt JT, Hartwig JF (2016) Fluorodecarboxylation for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl aryl ethers Angew Chem Int Ed 55:9758–9762

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Liu W, Huang X, Cheng MJ, Nielsen RJ, Goddard WA III, Groves, JT (2012) Oxidative aliphatic C-H fluorination with fluoride ion catalyzed by a manganese porphyrin. Science 337:1322–1325

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Liu W, Groves JT (2013) Manganese-catalyzed oxidative benzylic C-H fluorination by fluoride ions. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:6024–6027

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Huang X, Liu W, Ren H, Neelamegam R, Hooker JM, Groves JT (2014) Late stage benzylic C-H fluorination with [18F]fluoride for PET imaging. J Am Chem Soc 136:6842–6845

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Huang X, Liu W, Hooker JM, Groves, JT (2015) Targeted fluorination with the fluoride ion by manganese-catalyzed decarboxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:5241–5245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Barker TJ, Boger DL (2012) Fe(III)/NaBH4-mediated free radical hydrofluorination of unactivated alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 134:13588–13591

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Bloom S, Pitts CR, Woltornist R, Griswold A, Holl MG, Lectka T (2013) Iron(II)-catalyzed benzylic fluorination. Org Lett 15:1722–1724

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Bloom S, Sharber SA, Holl MG, Knippel JL, Lectka T (2013) Metal-catalyzed benzylic fluorination as a synthetic equivalent to 1,4-conjugate addition of fluoride. J Org Chem 78:11082–11086

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Groendyke BJ, AbuSalim DI, Cook SP (2016) Iron-catalyzed, fluoroamide-directed C-H fluorination. J Am Chem Soc 138:12771–12774

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Lu DF, Liu GS, Zhu CL, Yuan B, Xu H (2014) Iron(II)-catalyzed intramolecular olefin aminofluorination. Org Lett 16:2912–2915

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lu DF, Zhu CL, Sears JD, Xu H (2016) Iron(II)-catalyzed intermolecular aminofluorination of unfunctionalized olefins using fluoride ion. J Am Chem Soc 138:11360–11367

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bloom S, Pitts CR, Miller DC, Haselton N, Holl MG, Urheim E, Lectka T (2012) A polycomponent metal-catalyzed aliphatic, allylic, and benzylic fluorination. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:10580–10583

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Pitts CR, Bloom S, Woltornist R, Auvenshine DJ, Ryzhkov LR, Siegler MA, Lectka T (2014) Direct, catalytic monofluorination of sp3 C-H bonds: a radical-based mechanism with ionic selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 136:9780–9791

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Zhang H, Song Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Zhang Q (2014) Regioselective radical aminofluorination of styrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:11079–11083

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Nishikata T, Ishida S, Fujimoto R (2016) Site-selective tertiary alkyl-fluorine bond formation from α-bormoamides using a copper/CsF catalyst system. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:10008–10012

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Shigehisa H, Nishi E, Fujisawa M, Hiroya K (2013) Cobalt-catalyzed hydrofluorination of unactivated olefins: a radical approach of fluorine transfer. Org Lett 15:5158–5161

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Xia JB, Ma Y, Chen C (2014) Vanadium-catalyzed C(sp3)-H fluorination reactions. Org Chem Front 1:468–472

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Halperin SD, Fan H, Chang S, Martin RE, Britton, R (2014) A convenient photocatalytic fluorination of unactivated C-H bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:4690–4693

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Halperin SD, Kwon D, Holmes M, Regalado, EL, Campeau, LC, DiRocco DA, Britton, R (2015) Development of a direct photocatalytic C-H fluorination for the preparative synthesis of odanacatib. Org Lett 17:5200–5203

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Nodwell MB, Bagai A, Halperin SD, Martin, RE, Knust H, Britton R (2015) Direct photocatalytic fluorination of benzylic C-H bonds with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide. Chem Commun 51:11783–11786

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Rueda-Becerril M, Mahe O, Drouin M, Majewski MB, West JG, Wolf MO, Sammis GM, Paquin JF (2014) Direct C-F bond formation using photoredox catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 136:2637–2641

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Ventre S, Petronijevic FR, MacMillan DWC (2015) Decarboxylative fluorination of aliphatic carboxylic acids via photoredox catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 137:5654–5657

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. West JG, Bedell TA, Sorensen EJ (2016) The uranyl cation as a visible-light photocatalyst for C(sp3)-H fluorination. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:8923–8927

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant 2015CB931900), by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 21421002, 21472220, 21532008, and 21602239), and by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant XDB20020000).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chaozhong Li .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Zhu, L., Li, C. (2020). Transition Metal-Mediated Radical Fluorination for Preparing Alkyl Fluorides. In: Hu, J., Umemoto, T. (eds) Fluorination. Synthetic Organofluorine Chemistry. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3896-9_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics