Abstract
Oral health and homeostasis are maintained by the functional interactions of many organs, including the salivary glands, teeth, and tongue. Salivary gland dysfunction leads to dry mouth diseases, such as dental caries, bacterial infection, swallowing dysfunction, and reduced quality of life. The current clinical therapies for dry mouth are temporary, and they cannot repair salivary gland dysfunction. Salivary gland regenerative therapy with tissue repair and whole salivary gland replacement is a novel organ regenerative therapy. To achieve the recovery of the salivary gland function, adult tissue stem cells may be used as a cell source for salivary gland tissue repair therapies. To attain the entire salivary gland replacement therapy, which represents the next-generation regenerative therapy, we developed a novel cell manipulation method that can regenerate the ectodermal organ germ. The bioengineered salivary gland germs successfully engrafted grew in the transplantation site, generating the correct structure. The bioengineered salivary glands were able to secrete saliva into the oral cavity and improve dry mouth symptoms. In this chapter, we describe the recent progress and developmental methods for salivary gland regeneration therapy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aframian DJ, Palmon A (2008) Current status of the development of an artificial salivary gland. Tissue Eng Part B 14:187–198
Atala A (2005) Tissue engineering, stem cells and cloning: current concepts and changing trends. Expert Opin Biol Ther 5(7):879–892
Atkinson JC, Grisius M, Massey W (2005) Salivary hypofunction and xerostomia: diagnosis and treatment. Dent Clin N Am 49:309–326
Avery JK (2002) Oral development and histology. Thieme Press, New York, pp 292–330
Brockes JP, Kumar A (2005) Appendage regeneration in adult vertebrates and implications for regenerative medicine. Science 310(5756):1919–1923
Bücheler M, Wirz C, Schütz A, Bootz F (2002) Tissue engineering of human salivary gland organoids. Acta Otolaryngol 122(5):541–545
Cohen S (1962) Isolation of a mouse submaxillary gland protein accelerating incisor eruption and eyelid opening in the new-born animal. J Biol Chem 237:1555–1562
Cohen DE, Melton D (2011) Turning straw into gold: directing cell fate for regenerative medicine. Nat Rev Genet 12(4):243–252
Copelan EA (2006) Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 354:1813–1826
Delporte C, O’Connell BC, He X, Lancaster HE, O’Connell AC, Agre P, Baum BJ (1997) Increased fluid secretion after adenoviral-mediated transfer of the aquaporin-1 cDNA to irradiated rat salivary glands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(7):3268–3273
Denny PC, Denny PA (1999) Dynamics of parenchymal cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis in the young adult female mouse submandibular gland. Anat Rec 254:408–417
Edgar M, Dawes C, Mullane OD (2004) Saliva and Oral Health, 3rd edn. British Dental Association, UK
Feng J, Van der Zwaag M, Stokman MA, Van Os R, Coppes RP (2009) Isolation and characterization of human salivary gland cells for stem cell transplantation to reduce radiation-induced hyposalivation. Radiother Oncol 92:466–471
Fox PC (2004) Salivary enhancement therapies. Caries Res 38:241–246
Froehlich DA, Pangborn RM, Whitaker JR (1987) The effect of oral stimulation on human parotid salivary flow rate and alpha-amylase secretion. Physiol Behav 41(3):209–217
Harunaga J, Hsu JC, Yamada KM (2011) Dynamics of salivary gland morphogenesis. J Dent Res 90(9):1070–1077
He X, Goldsmith CM, Marmary Y, Wellner RB, Parlow AF, Nieman LK, Baum BJ (1998) Systemic action of human growth hormone following adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to rat submandibular glands. Gene Ther 5(4):537–541
Horie K, Kagami H, Hiramatsu Y, Hata K, Shigetomi T, Ueda M (1996) Selected salivary-gland cell culture and the effects of isoproterenol, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P. Arch Oral Biol 41(3):243–252
Hsu JC, Yamada KM (2010) Salivary gland branching morphogenesis -- Recent progress and future opportunities. Int J Oral Sci 2(3):117–126
Ihrler S, Zietz C, Sendelhofert A, Lang S, Blasenbreu-Vogt S, Löhrs U (2002) A morphogenetic concept of salivary duct regeneration and metaplasia. Virchows Arch 440(5):519–526
Jaskoll T, Melnick M (2004) Embryonic salivary gland branching morphogenesis. Madame Curie:13–14
Jeong J, Baek H, Kim YJ, Choi Y, Lee H, Lee E, Kim ES, Hah JH, Kwon TK, Choi IJ, Kwon H (2013) Human salivary gland stem cells ameliorate hyposalivation of radiation-damaged rat salivary glands. Exp Mol Med 45:e58
Kagami H, O’Connell BC, Baum BJ (1996) Evidence for the systemic delivery of a transgene product from salivary glands. Hum Gene Ther 7(17):2177–2184
Kagami H, Wang S, Hai B (2008) Restoring the function of salivary glands. Oral Dis 14:15–24
Kawakami M, Ishikawa H, Tachibana T, Tanaka A, Mataga I (2013) Functional transplantation of salivary gland cells differentiated from mouse early ES cells in vitro. Hum Cell 26:80–90
Kishi T, Takao T, Fujita K, Taniguchi H (2006) Clonal proliferation of multipotent stem/progenitor cells in the neonatal and adult salivary glands. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 340(2):544–552
Knosp WM, Knox SM, Hoffman MP (2012) Salivary gland organogenesis. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol 1(1):69–82
Knox S, Hoffman MP (2008) Salivary gland development. Blackwell Publications, Ames, IA
Lamy E, Graca G, Costa GD, Franco C, Silva FC, Baptista ES, Coelho AV (2010) Changes in mouse whole saliva soluble proteome induced by tannin-enriched diet. Proteome Sci 8:65
Langer RS, Vacanti JP (1999) Tissue engineering: the challenges ahead. Sci Am 280(4):86–89
Lombaert IM, Hoffman MP. (2013) Stem Cells in Salivary Gland Development and Regeneration. Stem Cells in Craniofacial Development and Regeneration. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA; Wiley-Blackwell. pp.271-284.
Lombaert IM, Brunsting JF, Wierenga PK, Faber H, Stokman MA, Kok T, Visser WH, Kampinga HH, de Haan G, Coppes RP (2008) Rescue of salivary gland function after stem cell transplantation in irradiated glands. PLoS One 3:e2063
Lombaert I, Movahednia MM, Adine C (2016) Ferreira JN. Therapeutic Approaches from Stem Cells to Tissue Organoids. Stem Cells, Salivary Gland Regeneration
Madeira C, Santhagunam A, Salgueiro JB, Cabral JM (2015) Advanced cell therapies for articular cartilage regeneration. Trends Biotechnol 33(1):35–42
Man YG, Ball WD, Marchetti L, Hand AR (2011) Contributions of intercalated duct cells to the normal parenchyma of submandibular glands of adult rats. Anat Rec 263(2):202–214
Matsuo R (2000) Role of saliva in the maintenance of taste sensitivity. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:216–229
Nakamura T, Matsui M, Uchida K, Futatsugi A, Kusakawa S, Matsumoto N, Nakamura K, Manabe T, Taketo MM, Mikoshiba K (2004) M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor plays a critical role in parasympathetic control of salivation in mice. J Physiol 558:561–575
O’Connell AC, Baccaglini L, Fox PC, O’Connell BC, Kenshalo D, Oweisy H, Hoque AT, Sun D, Herscher LL, Braddon VR, Delporte C, Baum BJ (1999) Safety and efficacy of adenovirus-mediated transfer of the human aquaporin-1 cDNA to irradiated parotid glands of non-human primates. Cancer Gene Ther 6(6):505–513
Ogawa M, Oshima M, Imamura A, Sekine Y, Ishida K, Yamashita K, Nakajima K, Hirayama M, Tachikawa T, Tsuji T (2013) Functional salivary gland regeneration by transplantation of a bioengineered organ germ. Nat Commun 4:2498
Ogawa M, Yamashita K, Niikura M, Nakajima K, Toyoshima KE, Oshima M, Tsuji T (2014) Saliva secretion in engrafted mouse bioengineered salivary glands using taste stimulation. J Prosthodont Res 58(1):17–25
Patel VN, Rebustini IT, Hoffman MP (2006) Salivary gland branching morphogenesis. Differentiation 74(7):349–364
Peters SB, Naim N, Nelson DA, Mosier AP, Cady NC, Larsen M (2014) Biocompatible tissue scaffold compliance promotes salivary gland morphogenesis and differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 20:1632–1642
Pradhan S, Farach-Carson MC (2010) Mining the extracellular matrix for tissue engineering applications. Regen Med 5:961–970
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH (2014) Salivary secretion: mechanism and neural regulation. Monogr Oral Sci 24:14–29
Rotter N, Oder J, Schlenke P, Lindner U, Bohrnsen F, Kramer J, Rohwedel J, Huss R, Brandau S, Wollenberg B, Lang S (2008) Isolation and characterization of adult stem cells from human salivary glands. Stem Cells Dev 17:509–518
Sakai T (2009) Epithelial branching morphogenesis of salivary gland: exploration of new functional regulators. J Med Investig 56(Suppl):234–238
Saleh J, Figueiredo MA, Cherubini K, Salum FG (2015) Salivary hypofunction: an update on aetiology, diagnosis and therapeutics. Arch Oral Biol 60(2):242–255
Sasano T, Satoh-Kuriwada S, Shoji N, Sekine-Hayakawa Y, Kawai M, Uneyama H (2010) Application of umami taste stimulation to remedy hypogeusia based on reflex salivation. Biol Pharm Bull 33(11):1791–1795
Segers VFM, Lee RT (2008) Stem-cell therapy for cardiac disease. Nature 451:937–942
Ship JA, Pillemer SR, Baum BJ (2002) (2002) Xerostomia and the geriatric patient. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:535–543
Sreebny LM, Schwartz SS (1997) A reference guide to drugs and dry mouth--2nd edition. Gerodontology 14(1):33–47
Sugito T, Kagami H, Hata K, Nishiguchi H, Ueda M (2004) Transplantation of cultured salivary gland cells into an atrophic salivary gland. Cell Transplant 13(6):691–699
Sumita Y, Liu Y, Khalili S, Maria OM, Xia D, Key S, Cotrim AP, Mezey E, Tran SD (2011) Bone marrow-derived cells rescue salivary gland function in mice with head and neck irradiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43:80–87
Sun T, Zhu J, Yang X, Wang S (2006) Growth of miniature pig parotid cells on biomaterials in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 51(5):351–358
Tran SD, Wang J, Bandyopadhyay BC, Redman RS, Dutra A, Pak E, Swaim WD, Gerstenhaber JA, Bryant JM, Zheng C, Goldsmith CM, Kok MR, Wellner RB, Baum BJ (2005) Primary culture of polarized human salivary epithelial cells for use in developing an artificial salivary gland. Tissue Eng 11(1-2):172–181
Tran SD, Liu Y, Xia D, Maria OM, Khalili S, Wang RW-J, Quan V-H, Hu S, Seuntjens J (2013) Paracrine Effects of Bone Marrow Soup Restore Organ Function, Regeneration, and Repair in Salivary Glands Damaged by Irradiation. PLoS One 8(4):e61632
Tucker AS, Miletich I (2010) Salivary glands; Development, adaptations, and Disease. Karger, London, UK
Vissink A, Mitchell JB, Baum BJ, Limesand KH, Jensen SB, Fox PC, Elting LS, Langendijk JA, Coppes RP, Reyland ME (2010) Clinical management of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia in head-and-neck cancer patients: Successes and barriers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78:983–991
Voutetakis A, Bossis I, Kok MR, Zhang W, Wang J, Cotrim AP, Zheng C, Chiorini JA, Nieman LK, Baum BJ (2005) Salivary glands as a potential gene transfer target for gene therapeutics of some monogenetic endocrine disorders. J Endocrinol 185(3):363–372
Wei C, Larsen M, Hoffman MP, Yamada KM (2007) Self-Organization and Branching Morphogenesis of Primary Salivary Epithelial Cells. Tissue Eng 13(4):721–735
Wu SM, Hochedlinger K (2011) Harnessing the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine. Nat Cell Biol 13(5):497–505
Yan X, Qin H, Qu C, Tuan RS, Shi S, Huang GT (2010) iPS cells reprogrammed from human mesenchymal-like stem/progenitor cells of dental tissue origin. Stem Cells Dev 19(4):469–480
Yoo C, Vines JB, Alexander G, Murdock K, Hwang P, Jun HW. (2014) Adult stem cells and tissue engineering strategies for salivary gland regeneration: a review. Biomater Res 18:9.
Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Kiban (A) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (no. 25242041). `by Organ Technologies Inc.
Conflict of Interest
M. Ogawa and T. Tsuji have no competing interests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ogawa, M., Tsuji, T. (2017). Functional Salivary Gland Regeneration. In: Tsuji, T. (eds) Organ Regeneration Based on Developmental Biology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3768-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3768-9_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3766-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3768-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)