Abstract
Offshore platforms are never 100% secure from fire hazard despite of using advanced technology. Hydrocarbon fire and explosion accidents are among commonly reported incidents in the oil and gas process-related activities. In April, 2015, PEMEX-operated oil platform caught fire—45 injured and four died. Accidents such as Piper Alpha have recorded greatest loss of human live on offshore platform in history. A total of 167 persons perished victim of the tragedy confluence of design flows, human error, and bad luck. Saving lives and property in such disaster is extremely a challenging job for engineers. Hydrocarbon fire and explosion produce extreme pressure and temperature, which cause fatalities and structural damages at large scale within a fraction of time. The experimental studies are restricted due to limited facilities available for fire and explosion testing for offshore structure. In previous studies, individual structure member was tested, which cannot represent the behaviour of the entire structure. Therefore, structural safety is always being a main issue to prevent property damage or least-obtained safe evacuation before structural collapse. To understanding the behaviour of structural modelling techniques allow to study the possible behaviour of the platform. These techniques entirely depend on personal experience and modelling practice adopted in oil and gas sector. Therefore, simulation should be verified by a full-scale experimental study on combined structural members. The standard experimental studies should be conducted and data should be easily available after testing for validation for future simulation and to overcome lack of date issues.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
A. Rajendram, F. Khan, and V. Garaniya, “Modelling of Fire Risks in an Offshore Facility,” Fire Safety Journal, vol. 71, pp. 79–85, 2015.
C. H. Vervalin, “Fire Protection Manual for Hydrocarbon Processing Plants,” 1985.
A. T. Paterson, Offshore fire safety: Pennwell Corp, 1993.
J. K. Paik and A. K. Thayamballi, Ship-Shaped Offshore Installations: Design, Building, and Operation: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
D. Lord, A. Luketa, C. Wocken, S. Schlasner, T. Aulich, R. Allen, et al., “Literature Survey of Crude Oil Properties Relevant to Handling and Fire Safety in Transport,” Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States) 2015.
M. Imran, M. S. Liew, and M. S. Nasif, “Experimental Studies on Fire for Offshore Structures and its Limitation: A Review,” Chemical Engineering Transactions, vol. 45, pp. 1951–1956, 2015.
N. Khakzad, F. Khan, and P. Amyotte, “Safety analysis in process facilities: Comparison of fault tree and Bayesian network approaches,” Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol. 96, pp. 925–932, 2011.
F. I. Khan and S. Abbasi, “Major Accidents in Process Industries and an Analysis of Causes and Consequences,” Journal of Loss Prevention in the process Industries, vol. 12, pp. 361–378, 1999.
OGP’s, “OGP Risk Assessment Data Directory,” International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, England2010.
T. Haidar. (2015, The 10 Biggest Oil Spills In World History - 3 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Available: http://www.oilandgasiq.com/integrity-hse-maintenance/articles/the-10-biggest-oil-spills-in-world-history-part-8/.
M. Dadashzadeh, F. Khan, K. Hawboldt, and P. Amyotte, “An integrated approach for fire and explosion consequence modelling,” Fire Safety Journal, vol. 61, pp. 324–337, 2013.
M. Dadashzadeh, R. Abbassi, F. Khan, and K. Hawboldt, “Explosion Modeling and Analysis of BP Deepwater Horizon Accident,” Safety science, vol. 57, pp. 150–160, 2013.
A. Brandsæter, “Risk Assessment in the Offshore Industry,” Safety Science, vol. 40, pp. 231–269, 2002.
F. I. Khan, R. Sadiq, and T. Husain, “Risk-Based Process Safety Assessment and Control Measures Design for Offshore Process Facilities,” Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 94, pp. 1–36, 2002.
C. Jerzy and J. K. Paik, “Paradigm Change in Safety Design Against Hydrocarbon Explosions and Fires,” in FABIG Newsletter, SCI, Issue 60,, ed, 2012, pp. 30–38.
Y. Pan and L. A. Louca, “Experimental and numerical studies on the response of stiffened plates subjected to gas explosions,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 52, pp. 171–193, 11// 1999.
J. Paik, J. Czujko, J. H. Kim, Sung In Park, MD Shafiqul Islam, and D. H. Lee, “A New Procedure for the Nonlinear Structural Response Analysis of Offshore Installations in Fires,” Transactions SNAME, vol. Vol. 121, 2013, 2013.
REUTERS, “Accident Aboard Pemex Jack-Up Kills Two, Injures 10” in Maritime News Today, ed, 2015.
Reuters, “Fire Out at Pemex Processing Platform,” in gCaptain, ed, 2015.
J. Vinnem, R. Bye, B. Gran, T. Kongsvik, O. Nyheim, E. Okstad, et al., “Risk Modelling of Maintenance Work on Major Process Equipment on Offshore Petroleum Installations,” Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, vol. 25, pp. 274–292, 2012.
M. E. Paté‐Cornell, “Learning from the Piper Alpha Accident: A Postmortem Analysis of Technical and Organizational Factors,” Risk Analysis, vol. 13, pp. 215–232, 1993.
D. Drysdale and R. Sylvester-Evans, “The Explosion and Fire on the Piper Alpha Platform, 6 July 1988. A Case Study,” Philosophical Transactions Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 356, pp. 2929–2951, 1998.
P. Hart. (2010, 14/Feburay). Montara Oil Spill: “A Failure of Sensible Oilfield Practice”. Available: http://www.theoildrum.com/node/7193.
J. Paik and J. Czujko, “Explosion and Fire Engineering of FPSOs (EFEF JIP): Definition of Design Fire Loads,” FABIG Newsletter, pp. 15–28, 2011.
J. K. Paik and J. Czujko, “Assessment of Hydrocarbon Explosion and Fire Risks in Offshore Installations: Recent Advances and Future Trends,” The IES Journal Part A: Civil & Structural Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 167–179, 2011.
Y. Jin and B. S. Jang, “Study on the Probabilistic Scenario Based Fire Risk Analysis of FPSO Topside Module,” in ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, 2014, pp. V04BT02A007-V04BT02A007.
Promat. (2014, 05–03–15). Fire Curves. Available: http://www.promat-tunnel.com/en/advices/fire-protection/fire%20curves.
C. International. PFP Systems [Online]. Available: http://www.pfpsystems.com/assets/Uploads/HydrocarbonBook1.pdf.
W. Yu, J. Zhao, H. Luo, J. Shi, and D. Zhang, “Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of an Impacted Steel Tubular T-joint in Fire,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 67, pp. 1376–1385, 2011.
M. Jin, J. Zhao, M. Liu, and J. Chang, “Parametric Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Steel Planar Tubular Truss under Fire,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 67, pp. 75–83, 2011.
R. K. Zipf and K. Cashdollar, “Effects of blast pressure on structures and the human body,” National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2006.
API, “API RP2A-WSD: Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms–Working Stress Design,” in Twenty, ed, 2000.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Imran, M., Liew, M.S., Nasif, M.S., Niazi, U.M., Yasreen, A. (2017). Hydrocarbon Fire and Explosion’s Safety Aspects to Avoid Accident Escalation for Offshore Platform. In: Awang, M., Negash, B., Md Akhir, N., Lubis, L., Md. Rafek, A. (eds) ICIPEG 2016. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3650-7_69
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3650-7_69
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3649-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3650-7
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)