Abstract
In this chapter I examine the ways in which Islamophobia (the fear and hatred of Islam/Muslims) has become reified since 9/11 and I discuss the implications of this for teachers and students. Using a critical pedagogical lens and the work of Paulo Freire, I question how much teachers are encouraged to unpack their assumptions about “others”, think about hierarchies, and question the ways that structural inequity is continually normalized and reproduced.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Afzal-Khan, F. (2005). Shattering the stereotypes: Muslim women speak out. Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press.
Alcoff, L. M. (2006). Visible identities: Race, gender and the self. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Ali-Khan, C. (2009). On being us and them: A voice from the edge. In Ö. Sensoy & C. D. Stonebanks (Eds.), Muslim voices in school: Narratives of identity and pluralism. (pp. 153–168). Rotterdam, NL: Sense Publishers.
Ali-Khan, C. (2010). Common sense, uncommon knowledge and fighting words. In C. Stonebanks, J. L. Kincheloe, & S. R. Steinberg (Eds.), Teaching against Islamaphobia. (pp. 239–267). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Bakalian, A., & Bozorgmehr, M. (2009). Backlash 9/11: Middle Eastern and Muslim Americans respond. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Casper, M. J., & Moore, L. J. (2009). Missing bodies: The politics of visibility. New York, NY: New York University Press.
Council on American-Islamic relations, CAIR. (n.d.). American public opinion about Islam and Muslims, 2006. Retrieved June 6, 2008, from http://www.cair.com/Portals/0/pdf/american_public_opinion_on_muslims_islam_2006.pdf
CNN. (n.d.). Afghanistan deaths. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/09/26/afghanistan.deaths
Esposito, J. L., & Mogahed, D. (2007). Who speaks for Islam? What a billion Muslims really think. New York, NY: Gallup Press.
Freire, P., & Macedo, D. (1987). Literacy: Reading the world and the word. Westport, CT: Bergen & Garvey.
Friere, P. (1998). Pedagogy of the heart. New York, NY: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Gabriel, P. (2010). My body is a cage. On Scratch my back. [CD]. Budapest: Realworld Productions Ltd.
Gallup Center for Muslim Studies. (2010). In U.S., religious prejudice stronger against Muslims, report. Retrieved March 20, 2010, from http://www.gallup.com/poll/125312/Religious-Prejudice-StrongerAgainst-Muslims.aspx
Gallup & The Coexist Foundation. (2009). Muslim Americans: A national portrait. Retrieved March 21, 2010, from http://www.muslimwestfacts.com/mwf/116074/Muslim-Americans-National-Portrait.aspx
Gallup Poll (2006) Special report: Muslim world. Retrieved March 20, 2010, from http://www.muslimwestfacts.com/…/Women_in_the_Muslim_World.pdf
Green, E. (2010, March 2). Building a better teacher. The New York Times. Retrieved March 3, 2010, from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/07/magazine/07Teachers-t.html
Giroux, H. A. (2007). Introduction: Democracy, education, and the politics of critical pedagogy. In P. McLaren & J. L. Kincheloe (Eds.), Critical pedagogy: Where are we now? (pp. 1–7). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Huntington, S. (1993). The clash of civilizations. Foreign Affairs, 72(3). Retrieved May 7, 2008, from http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19930601faessay5188/samuel-p-huntington/the-clash-ofcivilizations.html
Hooks, B. (1994). Teaching to transgress. New York, NY: Routledge.
Iraq body count. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2010, from http://www.iraqbodycount.org/
Iraqi deaths estimater. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2010, from http://www.justforeignpolicy.org/iraq/iraqdeaths.html
Johnson, B. C., & Blanchard, S. C. (2008). Reel diversity: a teacher’s sourcebook. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Kellner, D. (2009). Toward a critical media/cultural studies. In R. Hammer & D. Kellner (Eds.), Media/ Cultural studies: Critical approaches. (pp. 5–24). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Kincheloe, J. L. (2001). Getting beyond the facts: Teaching social studies/social sciences in the twenty-first century (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Kincheloe, J. L. (2004). Introduction. In J. L. Kincheloe & S. R. Steinberg (Eds.), The miseducation of the West: How schools and the media distort our understanding of the Islamic world. (pp. 1–24). Westport, CT: Prager Publishers.
Kincheloe, J. L. (2005). Issues of power, questions of purpose. In Joe L. Kincheloe (Ed.), Classroom teaching: An introduction. (pp. 25–51). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Kincheloe, J. L., & Tobin, K., (2009). The much exaggerated death of positivism. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 4, 513–528.
MacDougal, D. (2006). The corporeal image: Film, ethnography and the senses. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Mac Ginty, R. (2001). Ethno-national conflict and hate crime. American Behavioral Scientist, 45, 639. Retrieved September 20, 2009, from Academic Search Complete database.
McLaren P., & Jaramillo, N. (2007). Pedagogy and praxis in the age of empire: Towards a new humanism. Rotterdam, NL: Sense Publishers.
Media Tenor report. (2008). 9/11 stereotypes still dominate the news: Media image in Islam. Retrieved March 9, 2010, from http://www.reputationscorecard.com/newsletters.php?id_news=237
Johar, H Y., Khan, G. (Producers), & Johar, K. (Director). (2010). My name is Khan. [Motion picture trailer]. Retrieved March 20, 2010, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_uNDm6YfN2k
Nelson, H. L. (2001). Damaged identities, narrative repair. Ithaca, New York, NY: Cornell University Press.
Pew Research Center for the people & the press. (2009). Muslims widely seen as facing discrimination. Retrieved March 7, 2010, from http://people-press.org/report/542/muslims-widely-seen-as-facingdiscrimination
Postman, N. (1986). Amusing ourselves to death. Public discourse in the age of show business. New York, NY: Penguin.
Pratt, M. L. (1992). Imperial eyes: Travel writing and transculturation. London, NewYork: Routledge.
Saad. L. (2006). Anti-Muslim sentiments fairly commonplace. Gallup news service. Retrieved March 20, 2010, from http://www.gallup.com/poll/24073/antimuslim-sentiments-fairly-commonplace.aspx
Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. New York, NY: Random House.
Sensoy, Ö. (2010, March 24). Opinion: Ann Coulter’s ‘free speech’ is not like yours. Vancouver Sun, Retrieved March 24, 2010, from http://www.vancouversun.com/life/Opinion+Coulter+free+speech+like+yours/2721510/story.html
Sensoy, Ö., & Marshall, E. (2009/2010). Save the Muslim girls! Rethinking Schools, 24(2), 14–19.
Shaheen, J. G. (2001). Reel bad Arabs: How hollywood vilifies a people. New York, NY: Olive Branch Press.
Shakespeare, W. (2000). The merchant of Venice. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth.
Sirin, S., & Fine, M. (2008). Muslim American youth: Understanding hyphenated identities through multiple methods. New York, NY: NYU Press.
Siry, C. (2009). Fostering solidarity and transforming identities: A collaborative approach to elementary science teacher education (Doctoral dissertation). The Graduate Center, CUNY.
Smith, S. E. (2007). Defeating stereotypes. Issues in higher education. 24(17), 20–24.
Steinberg, S. R. (2004). Desert minstrels: Hollywoods curriculum of Arabs and Muslims. In J. L. Kincheloe & S. R. Steinberg (Eds.), The miseducation of the West: How schools and the media distort our understanding of the Islamic world. (pp. 1–24). Westport, CT: Prager Publishers.
Steinberg, S. R., (2007). Preface: Reading media critically. In S. R. Steinberg & D. Maceado (Eds.), Media literacy: A reader (pp. 1–24). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Steinberg, S. R., & Kincheloe, J. L., (2004). Introduction. In S. R. Steinberg & J. L. Kincheloe (Eds.), Kinderculture: The corporate construction of childhood (2nd ed.) (pp. 1–47). Bolder, CO: Westview.
Stonebanks, C. D. (2004). Consequences of perceived ethnic identities. In J. L. Kincheloe & S. R. Steinberg (Eds.), The miseducation of the West: How schools and the media distort our understanding of the Islamic world. (pp. 87–102). Westport, CT: Prager Publishers.
Stonebanks, C. D. (2008). Spartan superhunks and Persian monsters; Responding to truth and identity as determined by Hollywood. In N. K. Denzin (Ed.), Studies in symbolic interaction. (pp. 207–221). Bingley, UK: JAI Press.
Steuter, E., & Wills, D. (2009). At war with metaphor: Media, propaganda and racism in the war on terror. Lanham, MD: Roman and Littlefield.
Szabo, E. (2007, July 20) Civilian casualties in Afghanistan: Fatal neglect. Counterpunch. Retrieved October 1, 2009, from http://www.counterpunch.org/szabo07202007.html
Tobin, K. (2009). Global reproduction and transformation of science education. Retrieved October 1, 2009, from http://www.cdesign.com.au/…/keynote_tobin_global_reproduction.pdf
Tobin, K. (2009a). Repetition, difference and rising up with research in education. In K. Ercikan & W.
M. Roth (Ed.), Generalizing from educational research. (pp. 149–172). New York, NY: Routledge. Villaverde, L. A., Heylar, F., & Kincheloe, J. L. (2006). Historical research in education. In K. Tobin &
J. L. Kincheloe (Eds.), Doing educational research – A handbook. (pp. 311–345). Rotterdam, NL: Sense Publishers.
Zuss, M. (1999). Subject present: Life-writings and strategies of representation. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Sense Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ali-Khan, C. (2014). Misinformation and its Discontents. In: Tobin, K., Shady, A. (eds) Transforming Urban Education. Bold Visions in Educational Research. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-563-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-563-2_9
Publisher Name: SensePublishers, Rotterdam
Online ISBN: 978-94-6209-563-2
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)