Skip to main content

Reactivity and Performance of Limestone Calcined-Clay Cement (LC3) Cured at Low Temperature

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete

Part of the book series: RILEM Bookseries ((RILEM,volume 16))

Abstract

Limestone calcined-clay cements (LC3) take advantage of the synergetic effects of calcium carbonate reaction with the additional aluminium provided by the calcined clay. As temperature decreases, calcium carbonate solubility increase, therefore, the early-age hydration kinetics and the optimal proportioning of the ternary cement system are modified. This study explored the reactivity and mechanical performance of different LC3 systems cured at 10 and 20 ºC. Mixtures containing PC, PC-limestone and a LC3 blends with 50% clinker factors and 2:1 clay-to-limestone ratio were cast and compared. Hydration kinetics were assessed using isothermal calorimetry at each of the temperatures. The evolution of porosity was studied during hydration by MIP. Compressive strength was measured over time on cement paste cubes. Phase assemblage was monitored using XRD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Schneider, M., Romer, M., Tschudin, M., Bolio, H.: Sustainable cement production—present and future. Cem. Concr. Res. 41, 642–650 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.03.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lara, R.C., Antoni, M., Díaz, A.A., Scrivener, K., Fernando, J., Hernández, M.: Estudio de la adición de arcillas calcinadas en la durabilidad de hormigones. Rev. Ing. Construcción. 26, 25–40 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lothenbach, B., Scrivener, K., Hooton, R.D.: Supplementary cementitious materials. Cem. Concr. Res. 41, 1244–1256 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.12.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Jain, N.: Effect of nonpozzolanic and pozzolanic mineral admixtures on the hydration behavior of ordinary Portland cement. Constr. Build. Mater. 27, 39–44 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Karim, E., El-Hadj, K., Abdelkader, B., Rachid, B.: Analysis of mortar long-term strength with supplementary cementitious materials cured at different temperatures. ACI Mater. J. 107, 323–331 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Mehta, P.: Durability - critical issues for the future. Concr. Int. 19, 69–76 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Schneider, M., Romer, M., Tschudin, M., Bolio, H.: Sustainable cement production—present and future. Cem. Concr. Res. 41, 642–650 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.03.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Taylor, H.F.W.: Cement Chemistry, 2nd edn. Thomas Telford, London (1997)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  9. Bentz, D.P., Sato, T., De La Varga, I., Weiss, W.J.: Fine limestone additions to regulate setting in high volume fly ash mixtures. Cem. Concr. Compos. 34, 11–17 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.09.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Tironi, A., Trezza, M.A., Scian, A.N., Irassar, E.F.: Assessment of pozzolanic activity of different calcined clays. Cem. Concr. Compos. 37, 319–327 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.01.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Fernandez, R., Martirena, F., Scrivener, K.L.: The origin of the pozzolanic activity of calcined clay minerals: a comparison between kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. Cem. Concr. Res. 41, 113–122 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.09.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Bentz, D.P., Ferraris, C.F., Jones, S.Z., Lootens, D., Zunino, F.: Limestone and silica powder replacements for cement: early-age performance. Cem. Concr. Compos. 78, 43–56 (2017). doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.01.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Matschei, T., Lothenbach, B., Glasser, F.P.: The AFm phase in Portland cement. Cem. Concr. Res. 37, 118–130 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chowaniec, O.: Limestone Addition in Cement (2012). https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/174700

  15. Bentz, D.P., Stutzman, P.E., Zunino, F.: Low-temperature curing strength enhancement in cement-based materials containing limestone powder. Mater. Struct. 50, pii:173 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Avet, F., Snellings, R., Alujas Diaz, A., Ben Haha, M., Scrivener, K.: Development of a new rapid, relevant and reliable (R3) test method to evaluate the pozzolanic reactivity of calcined kaolinitic clays. Cem. Concr. Res. 85, 1–11 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.02.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Antoni, M., Rossen, J., Martirena, F., Scrivener, K.: Cement substitution by a combination of metakaolin and limestone. Cem. Concr. Res. 42, 1579–1589 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.09.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gallucci, E., Zhang, X., Scrivener, K.L.: Effect of temperature on the microstructure of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Cem. Concr. Res. 53, 185–195 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.06.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge funding provided by the Swiss commission for scholarships for foreign students (FCS), through their Ph.D. scholarship program.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 RILEM

About this paper

Cite this paper

Zunino, F., Scrivener, K. (2018). Reactivity and Performance of Limestone Calcined-Clay Cement (LC3) Cured at Low Temperature. In: Martirena, F., Favier, A., Scrivener, K. (eds) Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete. RILEM Bookseries, vol 16. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1207-9_82

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1207-9_82

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-024-1206-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-024-1207-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics