Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Selected References
Albach DC, Meudt HM, Oxelman B (2005) Piecing together the “new” Plantaginaceae. Am J Bot 92(2):297–315
Anonymous (2004) Edible flowers. Montréal Botanical Garden Horticultural Leaflet 1D3. http://www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca/jardin/en/info_verte/feuillet_fleurs_comes/tableau.htm
Breinholt J, Damtoft S, Demuth H, Jensen SR, Nielsen BJ (1992) Biosynthesis of antirrhinoside in Antirrhinum majus. Phytochemistry 31(3):795–797
Chiej R (1984) The Macdonald encyclopaedia of medicinal plants. Macdonald & Co, London, 447 pp
Damtoft S, Jensen SR, Schacht M (1995) Last stages in the biosynthesis of antirrhinoside. Phytochemistry 39(3):549–551
Davies KM, Marshall GB, Bradley JM, Schwinn KE, Bloor SJ, Winefield CS, Martin CR (2006) Characterisation of aurone biosynthesis in Antirrhinum majus. Physiol Plant 128:593–603
Dudareva N, Murfitt LM, Mann CJ, Gorenstein N, Kolosova N, Kish CM, Bonham C, Wood K (2000) Developmental regulation of methyl benzoate biosynthesis and emission in snapdragon flowers. Plant Cell 12:949–961
Dudareva N, Martin D, Kish CM, Kolosova N, Gorenstein N, Faldt J, Miller B, Bohlman J (2003) (E)-β-Ocimene and myrcene synthase genes of floral scent biosynthesis in snapdragon: Function and expression of three terpene synthase genes of a new TPS-subfamily. Plant Cell 15:1227–1241
Geissman TA (ed) (1962) The chemistry of flavonoid compounds. Macmillan, New York, 666 pp
Geissman TA, Harborne JB (1955a) Anthochlor pigments. X. Aureusin and cernuoside. J Am Chem Soc 77(17):4622–4624
Geissman TA, Harborne JB (1955b) The chemistry of flower pigmentation in Antirrhinum majus. IV. The albino (−−mm –nn) form. Arch Biochem Biophys 55:447–454
Geissman TA, Jorgensen EC, Johnson BL (1954) The chemistry of flower pigmentation in Antirrhinum majus. Color genotypes. I. The flavonoid components of the homozygous P, M, Y color types. Arch Biochem Biophys 49(2):368–388
Gilbert RI (1971) An unusual anthocyanin in Antirrhinum majus. Phytochemistry 19(11):2848–2849
Gilbert RI (1972a) Chalcone glycosides of Antirrhinum majus. Phytochemistry 12(4):809–810
Gilbert RI (1972b) Pelargonidin-3-glucoside in Antirrhinum majus. Phytochemistry 11(7):2360
Goodwin SM, Kolosova N, Kish CM, Wood KV, Dudareva N, Jenks MA (2003) Cuticle characteristics and volatile emissions of petals in Antirrhinum majus. Physiol Plant 117:435–443
Grieve M (1971) A modern herbal, 2 vols. Penguin, London; Dover Publications, New York. 919 pp
Harborne JB (1963) Plant polyphenols. X. Flavone and aurone glycosides of Antirrhinum. Phytochemistry 2(4):327–333
Harborne JB, Corner JJ (1961) The cinnamic esters of Antirrhinum majus flowers. Arch Biochem Biophys 92(1):192–193
Høgedal BH, Mølgaard P (2000) HPLC analysis of the seasonal and diurnal variation of iridoids in cultivars of Antirrhinum majus. Biochem Syst Ecol 28(10):949–962
Jorgensen EC, Geissman TA (1955a) The chemistry of flower pigmentation in Antirrhinum majus. II. Glycosides of PPmmYY, PPMMYY, ppmmYY and ppMMYY color genotypes. Arch Biochem Biophys 54:72–82
Jorgensen EC, Geissman TA (1955b) The chemistry of flower pigmentation in Antirrhinum majus color genotypes. III. Relative anthocyanin and aurone concentrations. Arch Biochem Biophys 55:389–402
Ono E, Fukuchi-Mizutani M, Nakamura N, Fukui Y, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Yamaguchi M, Nakayama T, Tanaka T, Kusumi T, Tanaka Y (2006) Yellow flowers generated by expression of the aurone biosynthetic pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(29):11075–11080
Oyama RK, Baum DA (2004) Phylogenetic relationships of North American Antirrhinum (Veronicaceae). Am J Bot 91(6):918–925
Roberts MJ (2000) Edible & medicinal flowers. New Africa Publishers, Claremont, 160 pp
Rop O, Mlcek J, Jurikova T, Neugebauerova J, Vabkova J (2012) Edible flowers—a new promising source of mineral elements in human nutrition. Molecules 17:6672–6683
Sato T, Nakayama T, Kikuchi S, Fukui Y, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Ueda T, Nishino T, Tanaka Y, Kusumi T (2001) Enzymatic formation of aurones in the extracts of yellow snapdragon flowers. Plant Sci 160(2):229–236
Scott-Moncrieff R (1930) Natural anthocyanin pigments. The magenta flower pigment of Antirrhinum majus. Biochem J 24(3):753–766
Seikel MK, Geissman TA (1950) Anthochlor pigments. VII. The pigments of yellow Antirrhinum majus. J Am Chem Soc 72(12):5725–5730
Shakya R, Ye J, Rommens CM (2012) Altered leaf colour is associated with increased superoxide-scavenging activity in aureusidin-producing transgenic plants. Plant Biotechnol J 10(9):1046–1055
Shang Y, Venail J, Mackay S, Bailey PC, Schwinn KE, Jameson PE, Martin CR, Davies KM (2011) The molecular basis for venation patterning of pigmentation and its effect on pollinator attraction in flowers of Antirrhinum. New Phytol 189:602–615
Sherratt HSA (1958) The relationship between anthocyanidins and flavonols in different genotypes of Antirrhinum majus. J Genet 56(1):28–36
Stradley L (2010) Edible flowers. What’s Cooking America. http://whatscookingamerica.net
Suchet C, Dormont L, Schatz B, Giurfa M, Simon V, Raynaud C, Chave J (2010) Floral scent variation in two Antirrhinum majus subspecies influences the choice of naïve bumblebees. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 65:1015–1027
Tank DC, Beardsley PM, Kelchner SA, Olmstead RG (2006) L. A. S. Johnson Review No. 7. Review of the systematics of Scrophulariaceae s.l. and their current disposition. Aust Syst Bot 19(4):289–307.
The Plant List (2013) Antirrhinum majus L. http://www.theplantlist.org/
Thompson DM (1988) Systematics of Antirrhinum (Scrophulariaceae) in the New World, vol 22, Systematic botany monographs. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Ann Arbor
Whedale M (1913) The flower pigments of Antirrhinum majus I. Method of preparation. Biochem J 7:87–91
Wheldale M, Bassett HL (1913) The flower pigments of Antirrhinum majus. II. The pale yellow or ivory pigment. Biochem J 7(5):441–444
Wheldale M, Bassett HL (1914) The flower pigments of Antirrhinum majus. III. The red and magenta pigments. Biochem J 8:204–208
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lim, T.K. (2014). Antirrhinum majus. In: Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8748-2_47
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8748-2_47
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-8747-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-8748-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)