Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dynamic representation of odours by oscillating neural assemblies

  • Chapter
Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships

Part of the book series: Series Entomologica ((SENT,volume 56))

  • 414 Accesses

Abstract

Stimulus evoked oscillatory synchronization of neural assemblies has been most clearly documented in the olfactory and visual systems. Recent results with the olfactory system of locusts show that information about odour identity is contained in spatial and temporal aspects of an oscillatory population response. This suggests that brain oscillations may reflect a common reference for messages encoded in time. Although stimulus-evoked oscillatory phenomena are reliable, their roles in perception, memory and pattern recognition remain to be demonstrated. Using honey bees, we demonstrated that odour encoding involves, as in locusts, the oscillatory synchronization of assemblies of neurons, and that this synchronization is, here also, selectively abolished by the GABA receptor antagonist picrotoxin. In collaboration with Dr Brian Smith’s laboratory, we showed, using a behavioural learning paradigm, that picrotoxin-induced desynchronization impairs the discrimination of molecularly similar odourants, but not that of dissimilar odours. It appears, therefore, that oscillatory synchronization of neuronal assemblies is relevant, and essential for fine odour discrimination. Finally, experiments with locust mushroom body neurons, two synapses downstream from the antennal lobe, indicate that their responses to odours become less specific when antennal lobe neurons are desynchronized by picrotoxin injection. These results suggest that oscillatory synchronization and the kind of temporal encoding it affords provide an additional dimension by which the brain can segment spatially overlapping stimulus representations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbott, L. F., E. T. Rolls & M. J. Tovee, 1996. Representational capacity of face coding in monkeys. Cerebral Cortex 6: 498–505.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abeles, M., 1981. Corticonics. Neural Circuits of the Cerebral Cortex. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abeles, M. & G. Gerstein, 1988. Detecting spatiotemporal firing patterns among simultaneously recorded single neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology 60: 909–924.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abeles, M., & M. H. Goldstein, 1977. Multispike train analysis. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 65: 762–773.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ache, B. W., H. Hatt, H. Breer, I. Boekhoff & F. Zufall, 1993. Biochemical and physiological evidence for dual transduction pathways in lobster olfactory receptor neurons. Chemical Senses 18: 523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adrian, E. D., 1950. The electrical activity of the mammalian olfactory bulb. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 2: 377–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adrian, E. D., 1942. Olfactory reactions in the brain of the hedgehog. Journal of Physiology, London 100: 459–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Almaas, T. J., T. A. Christensen & H. Mustaparta, 1991. Encoding of different features of an olfactory stimulus by the sex pheromone receptors in Heliothis zea. Journal of comparative Physiology A 169: 249–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Axel, R., 1995. The molecular logic of smell. Scientific American 1273: 54–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bal, T., & D. A. McCormick, 1996. What stops synchronized thalamocortical oscillations? Neuron 17: 297–308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhagavan, S. & B. H. Smith, 1997. Olfactory conditioning in the honey bee, Apis mellifera: Effects of odor intensity. Physiology and Behavior 61: 107–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bialek, W., F. Rieke, R. R. de Ruyter van Steveninck & D. Warland, 1991. Reading a neural code. Science 252: 1854–1857.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bitterman, M. E., R. Menzel, A. Fietz & S. J. Schäfer, 1983. Classical-conditioning of probiscus extension in honeybee (Apismellifera). Journal of Comparative Psychology 97: 107–119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buck, L., 1996. Information coding in the vertebrate olfactory system. Annual Review of Neursocience 19: 517–544.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buck, L., & R. Axel, 1991. A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odorant recognition. Cell 65: 175–187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, M., J. Boeckh & J. Esslen, 1982. Physiology and morphology properties of interneurons in the deutocerebrum of male cockroaches which respond to female pheromone. Journal of comparative Physiology A 145: 447–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaput, M., & A. Holley, 1980. Single unit responses of olfactory bulb neurons to odour presentation in awake rabbits. Journal of Physiology (Paris) 76: 551–558.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, T. A., I. D. Harrow, C. Cuzzocrea, R. W. Randolph & J. G. Hildebrand, 1995. Distinct projections of two populations of olfactory receptor axons in the antennal lobe of the sphinx moth Manduca sexto. Chemical Senses 20: 313–323.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, T. A., & J. G. Hildebrand, 1987. Male-specific, sex pheromone-selective projection neurons in the antennal lobes of the moth Manduca sexta. Journal of comparative Physiology A 160: 553–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, T. A., J. G. Hildebrand, J. H. Tumlinson, R. E. Doolittle, 1989. Sex pheromone blend of Manduca sexto: responses of central olfactory interneurons to antennal stimulation in male moths. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10: 281–291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, T. A., B. R. Waldrop, I. D. Harrow & J. G. Hildebrand, 1993. Local interneurons and information processing in the olfactory glomeruli of the moth Manduca sexto. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 173: 385–399.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cinelli, A. R., K.A. Hamilton & J. S. Kauer, 1995. Salamander olfactory bulb neuronal activity observed by video-rate voltage-sensitive dye imaging. 3. Spatial and temporal properties of responses evoked by odorant stimulation. Journal of Neurophysiology 73: 2053–2071.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cinelli, A. R. & J. S. Kauer, 1992. Voltage-sensitive dyes and functional activity in the olfactory pathway. Annual Review of Neuroscience 15: 321–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connors, B. W. & Y. Amitai, 1997. Making waves in the neocortex. Neuron 18: 347–349.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, R. L., 1993. Mushroom bodies and Drosophila learning. Neuron 11: 1–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeCharms, R. C. & M. M. Merzenich, 1996. Primary cortical representation of sounds by the coordination of action potential timing. Nature 381: 610–613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delaney, K. R., A. Gelperin, M. S. Fee, J. A. Flores, R. Gervais, D. W. Tank & D. Kleinfeld, 1994. Waves and stimulus modulated dynamics in an oscillating olfactory network. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91: 669–674.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dulac, C. & R. Axel, 1995. A novel family of genes encoding putative pheromone receptors in mammals. Cell 83: 195–206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eckhorn, R., W. Bauer, W. Jordan, M. Brosch, W. Kruse, M. Munk & H. J. Reitboeck, 1988. Coherent oscillations: A mechanism of feature linking in the visual cortex? Biological Cybernetics 60: 121–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, A. K., P. König, A. K. Kreiter & W. Singer, 1991. Interhemispheric synchronization of oscillatory neuronal responses in cat visual cortex. Science 252: 1177–1179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, W. J., 1975. Mass Action in the Nervous System. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, W. J., 1978. Spatial properties of an EEG event in the olfactory bulb and cortex. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 44: 586–605.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, W. J., 1992. Nonlinear dynamics in olfactory information processing. In: J. L. Davis & H. Eichenbaum (eds) Olfaction, a Model System for Computational Neuroscience. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 225–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich, R. W. & S. I. Korsching, 1997. Combinatorial and chemotopic odorant coding in the zebrafish olfactory bulb visualized by optical imaging. Neuron 18: 737–752.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gawne, T. J., T. W. Kjaer, J. A. Hertz & B. A. Richmond, 1996. Adjacent visual cortical complex cells share about 20% of their stimulus-related information. Cerebral Cortex 6: 482–489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geisler, W. S., D. G. Albrecht, R. J. Salvi & S. S. Saunders, 1991. Discrimination performance of single neurons: rate and temporal-pattern information. Journal of Neurophysiology 66: 334–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelperin, A., 1994. Nitric oxide mediates network oscillations of olfactory interneurons in a terrestrial mollusc. Nature 369: 6163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gelperin, A., D. W. Tank, 1990. Odour-modulated collective network oscillations of olfactory interneurons in a terrestrial mollusc. Nature 345: 437–440.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Georgopoulos, A. P., 1995. Current issues in directional motor control. Trends in Neuroscience 18: 506–510.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granger, R., J. Ambros-Ingerson, H. Henry & G. Lynch, 1988. Partitioning of sensory data by a cortical network. In: D. Anderson (ed.), Neural Information Processing Systems. American Institute of Physics, New York, pp. 317–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, C. M., 1994. Synchronous oscillations in neuronal systems: mechanisms and functions. Journal of computational Neuroscience 1: 11–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, C. M. & W. Singer, 1989. Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 86: 1698–1702.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, C. M. & J. E. Skinner, 1988. Centrifugal regulation of neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb of the waking rabbit as revealed by reversible cryogenic blockade. Experimental Brain Research 69: 378–386.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haberly, L. B. & J. M. Bower, 1989. Olfactory cortex: Model circuit for study of associative memory. Trends in Neuroscience 12: 258–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, M. & R. Menzel, 1995. Learning and memory in the honey-bee. Journal of Neuroscience 15: 1617–1630.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansson, B. S., T. A. Christensen & J. G. Hildebrand, 1991. Functionally distinct subdivisions of the macro glomerular complex in the antennal lobe of the male sphinx moth Manduca sexta. Journal of comparative Neurology 312: 264–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, J., J. A. Hertz, T. W. Kjaer & B. J. Richmond, 1995. Information flow and temporal coding in primate pattern vision. Journal of computational Neuroscience 2: 175–193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand, J. G., 1995. Analysis of chemical signals by nervous systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92: 67–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand, J. G. & G. M. Shepherd, 1997. Mechanisms of olfactory discrimination: Converging evidence for common principles across phyla. Annual Review of Neuroscience 20: 595–631.

    Google Scholar 

  • Homberg, U., R. Montague & J. G. Hildebrand, 1988. Anatomy of antenno-cerebral pathways in the brain of the sphinx moth Manduca sexto. Cell and Tissue Research 254: 255–281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jagadeesh, B., C. M. Gray & D. Ferster, 1992. Visually evoked oscillations of membrane potential in cells of cat visual cortex. Science 257: 552–554.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jahr, C. E. & R. A. Nicoll, 1982. An intracellular analysis of dendrodendritic inhibition in the turtle in vitro olfactory bulb. Journal of Physiology (London) 326: 213–234.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joerges, J., A. Kuttner, C. G. Galizia & R. Menzel, 1997. Representation of odours and odour mixtures visualized in the honeybee brain. Nature 387: 285–288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanzaki, R., E. A. Arbas, N. J. Strausfeld & J. G. Hildebrand, 1989. Physiology and morphology of projection neurons in the antennal lobe of the male moth Manduca sexta. Journal of comparative Physiology A 165: 427–453.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kauer, J. S., 1991. Contributions of topography and parallel processing to odour coding in the vertebrate olfactory pathway. Trends in Neuroscience 14: 79–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kauer, J. S., 1974. Response patterns of amphibian olfactory bulb neurones to odour stimulation. Journal of Physiology (London) 243: 695–715.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kauer, J. S. & D. G. Moulton, 1974. Responses of olfactory bulb neurones to odour stimulation of small nasal areas in the salamander. Journal of Physiology (London) 243: 717–737.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinfeld, D., K. R. Delaney, M. S. Fee, J. A. Flores, D. W. Tank & A. Gelperin, 1994. Dynamics of propagating waves in the olfactory network of a terrestrial mollusc: An electrical and optical study. Journal of Neurophysiology 72: 1402–1419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuwabara, M., 1957. Bildung des bedingten Reflexes von Pavlovs Typus bei der Honigbiene, Apis mellifica. Journal of the Faculty of Science of Hokkaido University. ( Series VI, Zoology ) 13: 458–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurent, G., 1996a. Odour images and tunes. Neuron 16: 473–476. Laurent, G., 1996b. Dynamical representation of odours by oscillat-ing and evolving neural assemblies. Trends in Neuroscience 19: 489–496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurent, G., 1997. Olfactory processing: Maps, time and codes. Current Opinions in Neurobiology 7: 547–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurent, G. & H. Davidowitz, 1994. Encoding of olfactory information with oscillating neural assemblies. Science 265: 1872–1875.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laurent, G. & M. Naraghi, 1994. Odorant-induced oscillations in the mushroom bodies of the locust. Journal of Neuroscience 14: 2993–3004.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laurent, G., M. Wehr & H. Davidowitz, 1996. Temporal representation of odors in an olfactory network. Journal of Neuroscience 16: 3837–3847.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J. K. & N. J. Strausfeld, 1990. Structure, distribution and number of surface sensilla and their receptor cells on the olfactory appendage of the male moth Manduca sexta. Journal of Neurocytology 19: 519–538.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leitch, B. & G. Laurent, 1996. GAB Aergic synapses in the antennal lobe and mushroom body of the locust olfactory system. Journal of comparative Neurology 372: 487–514.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leon, M., 1987. Plasticity of olfactory output circuits related to early olfactory learning. Trends in Neuroscience 10: 434–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, B., 1994. On neuronal specificity and the molecular basis of perception. Cell 79: 935–943.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Libet, B. & R. W. Gerard, 1939. Control of the potential rhythm of the isolated frog brain. Journal of Neurophysiology 2: 153–169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lytton, W. W. & T. J. Sejnowski, 1991. Simulations of cortical pyramidal neurons synchronized by inhibitory interneurons. Journal of Neurophysiology 66: 1059–1079.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClintock, T. S. & B. W. Ache, 1989. Histamine directly gates a chloride channel in lobster olfactory receptor neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 86: 8137–8141.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacKay-Sim, A. & S. Kesteven, 1994. Topographic patterns of responsiveness to odorants in the rat olfactory epithelium. Journal of Neurophysiology 71: 150–160.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod, K. & G. Laurent, 1996. Distinct mechanisms for synchronization and temporal patterning of odour-encoding neural assemblies. Science 274: 976–979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macrae, A. W., 1971. On calculating unbiased information measures. Psychological Bulletin 75: 270–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mainen, Z. & T. J. Sejnowski, 1995. Reliability of spike timing in neocortical neurons. Science 268: 1502–1506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masson, C. & H. Mustaparta, 1990. Chemical information processing in the olfactory system of insects. Physiological Reviews 70: 199–245.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClurkin, J. W., T. J. Gawne, L. M. Optican & B. J. Richmond, 1991. Lateral geniculate neurons in behaving primates. II. Encoding information in the temporal shape of the response. Journal of Neurophysiology 66: 794–808.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClurkin, J. W., T. J. Gawne, B. J. Richmond, L. M. Optican & D. L. Robinson, 1991. Lateral geniculate neurons in behaving primates. I. Responses to two-dimensional stimuli. Journal of Neurophysiology 66: 777–793.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellon, D., V. Alones & M. D. Lawrence, 1992. Anatomy and fine structure of neurons in the deutocerebral projection pathway of the crayfish olfactory system. Journal of comparative Neurology 321: 93–111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Menzel, R., 1990. Learning, memory and `cognition’ in honey bees. In: R. P. Kesner & D. S. Olton (eds) Neurobiology of Comparative Cognition. Erlbaum, New Jersey, pp. 237–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meredith, M., 1981. The analysis of response similarity in single neurons of the goldfish olfactory bulb using amino acids as odor stimuli. Chemical Senses 6: 277–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meredith, M., 1986. Patterned response to odor in mammalian olfactory bulb: The influence of intensity. Journal of Neurophysiology 56: 572–597.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meredith, M., 1992. Neural circuit computation: Complex patterns in the olfactory bulb. Brain Research Bulletin 29: 111–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meredith, M. & D. G. Moulton, 1978. Patterned response to odour in single neurons of goldfish olfactory bulb: influence of odor quality and other stimulus parameters. Journal of General Physiology 71: 615–643.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milner, P., 1974. A model for visual shape recognition. Psychological Review 81: 521–535.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mombaert, P., F. Wang, C. Dulac, S. K. Chao, A. Nemes, M. Mendelshon, J. Edmondson & R. Axel, 1996. Visualizing an olfactory sensory map. Cell 87: 675–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mori, K., 1987. Membrane and synaptic properties of identified neurons in the olfactory bulb. Progress in Neurobiology 29: 275–320.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mori, K. & G. M. Shepherd, 1994. Emerging principles of molecular signal processing by mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb. Seminars in Cell Biology 5: 65–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mori, K. & Y. Yoshihara, 1995. Molecular recognition and olfactory processing in the mammalian olfactory system. Progress in Neurobiology 45: 585–619.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, U. & E. Buchner, 1993. Histochemical localization of NADPH-Diaphorase in the adult Drosophila brain: Is nitric oxide a neuronal messenger also in insects? Naturwissenschaften 80: 524–526.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy, V. N. & E. E. Fetz, 1992. Coherent 25–35 Hz oscillations in the sensorimotor cortex of the awake behaving monkey. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 89: 5670–5674.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ngai, J., A. Chess, M. M. Dowling, N. Necles, E. R. Macagno & R. Axel, 1993. Coding of olfactory information: topography of odorant receptor expression in the catfish olfactory epithelium. Cell 72: 667–680.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Keefe, J. & M. L. Recce, 1993. Phase relationship between hippocampal place units and the EEG theta-rhythm. Hippocampus 3: 317–330.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Optican, L. M. & B. J. Richmond, 1987. Temporal encoding of two-dimensional patterns by single units in primate inferior temporal cortex. III. Information theoretic analysis. Journal of Neurophysiology 57: 162–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rall, W., G. M. Shepherd, T. S. Reese & M. W. Grightman, 1966. Dendro-dendritic synaptic pathway for inhibition in the olfactory bulb. Experimental Neurology 14: 44–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ressler, K. J., S. L. Sullivan & L. B. Buck, 1994. Information coding in the olfactory system: evidence for a stereotyped and highly organized epitope map in the olfactory bulb. Cell 79: 1245–1255.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ressler, K. J., S. L. Sullivan & L. B. Buck, 1993. A zonal organization of odorant receptor gene expression in the olfactory epithelium. Cell 73: 597–609.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salinas, E. & L. F. Abbott, 1994. Vector reconstruction from firing rates. Journal of computational Neuroscience 1: 89–107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satou, M., 1992. Synaptic organization, local neuronal circuitry, and functional segregation of the teleost olfactory bulb. Progress in Neurobiology 34: 115–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd, G. M., 1994. Discrimination of molecular signals by the olfactory receptor neuron. Neuron 13: 771–790.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sengupta, P., J. H. Chou & C. J. Bargman, 1996. odr-10 encodes a seven transmembrane domain olfactory receptor required for responses to the odorant diacetyl. Cell 84: 899–909.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, W. & C. M. Gray, 1995. Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis. Annual Review of Neuroscience 18: 555–586.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B. H. & S. Cobey, 1994. The olfactory memory of the honeybee Apis mellifera. II. Blocking between odourants in binary mixtures. Journal of Experimental Biology 195: 91–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B. H. & W. M. Getz, 1994. Nonpheromonal olfactory processing in insects. Annual Review of Entomology 39: 35 1375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B. H. & R. Menzel, 1989. An analysis of variability in the feeding motor program of the honey bee–the role of learning in releasing a modal action network. Ethology 82: 68–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stengl, M., H. Hatt & H. Breer, 1992. Peripheral processes in insect olfaction. Annual Review of Physiology 54: 665–681.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stopfer, M., S. Bhagavan, B. H. Smith & G. Laurent, 1997. Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour encoding neural assemblies. Nature 390: 70–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, S. L., S. Bohm, K. J. Ressler, L. F. Horowitz & L. B. Buck, 1995. Target-independent pattern specification in the olfactory epithelium. Neuron 15: 779–789.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thommesen, G., 1978. The spatial distribution of odour-induced potentials in the olfactory bulb of char and trout ( Salmonidae ). Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 102: 414–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Traub, R. D., M. A. Whittington, I. M. Stanford & J. G. R. Jefferys, 1996. A mechanism for generation of long-range synchronous fast oscillations in the cortex. Nature 383: 621–624.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Traub, R. D., M. A. Whittington, S. B. Coiling, G. Buzsaki & J. G. R. Jefferys, 1996. Analysis of gamma rhythms in the rat hippocampus in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Physiology (London) 493: 471–484.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaadia, E., I. Haalman, M. Abeles, H. Bergman, Y. Prut, H. Slovin & A. Aertsen, 1995. Dynamics of neuronal interactions in monkey cortex in relation to behavioural events. Nature 373: 515–518.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vassar, R., S. K. Chou, R. Sitcheran, J. M. Nunez, L. B. Vosshall & R. Axel, 1994. Topographic organization of sensory projections to the olfactory bulb. Cell 79: 981–991.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vassar, R., J. Ngai & R. Axel, 1993. Spatial segregation of odorant receptor expression in the mammalian olfactory epithelium. Cell 74: 309–318.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Victor, J. D. & K. P. Purpura, 1996. Nature and precision of temporal coding in visual cortex: A metric-space analysis. Journal of Neurophysiology 76: 1310–1326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von der Malsburg, C. & W. Schneider, 1986. A neural cocktail-party processor. Biological Cybernetics 54: 29–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vreeswijk, C. van, L. F. Abbott & G. B. Ermentrout, 1995. When inhibition, not excitation synchronizes neural firing. Journal of computational Neuroscience 1: 313–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X.-J. & G. Buzsaki, 1996. Gamma oscillation by synaptic inhibition in a hippocampal interneuronal network model. Journal of Neuroscience 16: 6402–6413.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wehr, M. & G. Laurent, 1996. Odour encoding by temporal sequences of firing in oscillating neural assemblies. Nature 384: 162–166.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whittington, M. A., R. D. Traub & J. G. R. Jeffreys, 1995. Synchronized oscillations in interneuron networks driven by metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. Nature 373: 612–615.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, M. A. & B. L. McNaughton, 1993. Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space. Science 261: 1055–1058.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yokoi, M., K. Mori & S. Nakanishi, 1995. Refinement of odor molecule tuning by dendrodendritic synaptic inhibition in the olfactory bulb. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92: 3371–3375.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biology, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA

    Gilles Laurent, Katrina Macleod, Mark Stopfer & Michael Wehr

Authors
  1. Gilles Laurent
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Katrina Macleod
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mark Stopfer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Michael Wehr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Stephen J. Simpson A. Jennifer Mordue Jim Hardie

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Laurent, G., Macleod, K., Stopfer, M., Wehr, M. (1999). Dynamic representation of odours by oscillating neural assemblies. In: Simpson, S.J., Mordue, A.J., Hardie, J. (eds) Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships. Series Entomologica, vol 56. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1890-5_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1890-5_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5247-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1890-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation