Abstract
The importance of the Middle East as a cradle for crops and weeds has been stressed already in Chapter 9. From this area the seeds of grain crops, together with ‘weed’ seeds, were brought to southern Europe and from there to all other parts of Europe. Man as an agriculturist created artificial ‘steppe’, thus furthering not only the cereals but also the ‘weeds’. The weed flora, particularly that of winter crops, of northern and central Europe is therefore poor in native species and represents just an impoverished Mediterranean or oriental plant community which becomes gradually richer in species towards areas with warm and dry summers (see Chapter 19).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amir-Asgari, H. (1979). Die Ackerunkräuter des westlichen Iran. Thesis (Diss.) Univ. f. Bodenkultur, Wien.
Bischof, F. (1971a). Weeds in cereals in the area of Sari and Gorgan-o-Dasht. Iran.J.Pl.Pathol. 7: 39–47.
Bischof, F. (1971b). Weed control in rice in Gilan and Mazandarän. Iran. J.Pl.Pathol. 7: 48–55.
Bobek, H. (1951). Die Verbreitung des Regenfeldbaues in Iran. Geographische Studien. Sölch-Festschrift. Geogr.Ges. und Georgr. Inst. d. Univ. Wien. 30 pp.
Boluri, H. (1977a). Survey of weeds in wheat fields in the Esfahan area. Iran. J. Pl.Pathol. 13: Persian. Engl. summ. p. 19.
Boluri, H. (1977b). Survey of weeds in sugarbeet fields in the Esfahan area. Iran.J.Pl.Pathol. 13: Persian, Engl. summ. p. 20.
Braun-Blanquet, J. (1964). Pflanzensoziologie. Springer, Wien-New York.
Davis, P.H. (1965). Flora of Turkey. Edinburgh.
Kühn, F. (1972). Wildgetreidebestände und ihre Bedeutung für die Gliederung der Ackerunkrautvegetation. In: Basic Problems and Methods in Phytosociology, E. van der Maarel and R. Tüxen (eds.), 435–442. Junk, Den Haag.
Maddah, M.B. and H. Mirkamaly (1973). Weeds of wheat fields in Arak. Iran.J.Pl.Pathol. 9: 12–14 (Engl.), weed lists pp. 21–26.
Rechinger, K.H. (1964). Flora of Lowland Iraq. Cramer, Weinheim.
Rechinger, K.H. (1963). Flora Iranica. Akad.Druck u. Verlagsanst. Graz (Austria).
Youseffian, M. (1980). Verbreitung und Vergesellschaftung der Ackerunkräuter Khuzestans im Vergleich mit Gesamtpersien. Thesis (Diss.) Univ. f. Bodenkultur, Wien.
Zohary, M. (1973). Geobotanical Foundations of the Middle East. Geobotanica selecta III. G. Fischer, Stuttgart. Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam. 738 pp.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hübl, E., Holzner, W. (1982). Iran. In: Holzner, W., Numata, M. (eds) Biology and ecology of weeds. Geobotany, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0916-3_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0916-3_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8519-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0916-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive