Abstract
The Truce of 1609 between Spain and the Dutch Republic was scarcely signed when a dispute arose, the first of a series which was to embitter relations for more than half a century between the Dutch and the English. In 1610, 1613, 1618, 1621, 1622–3, J624, 1627, 1628, and 1636, special embassies from the Republic visited London in attempts to settle the various points at issue. They were uniformly unsuccessful.1 The marriage of the son of the Stadholder, Frederic Henry, to Mary, daughter of Charles I, symbolized a brief and opportunist change of policy. The Civil War, which might reasonably have been expected to bring together the two European states that had agreed to eliminate the monarchical element from their constitutions, did nothing of the kind. The Dutch missions of 1644 and 1649 had as their aim an attempt to reconcile the conflicting parties in England. They failed. An envoy sent from England in 1649 to propose to the States-General closer relations between the two countries was brutally assassinated at The Hague by members of the clique of royalist exiles clustered round the Marquis of Montrose. None of the culprits was caught.
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References
G. Edmundson: Anglo-Dutch Rivalry (1911), passim.
For a full account, see P. Geyl: Oranje en Stuart (1939).
Astrid Friis: The Alderman Cockayne Project (1927), p. 230.
A list of costs of manufacture for Holland (printed in Dr. J. F. Niermeyer’s De Wording van Onze Huishouding (1946), p. 76) suggests that in the late Middle Ages raw materials, combing, spinning, and weaving accounted for only 25 per cent, of total costs. The author of Considerations of the Advantages that may come to the Commonwealth of England by getting all the Spanish Cloth Wools into English Hands (London, 1651) suggests that conditions were still comparable in England in 1651. Dyeing was the best rewarded activity on the productive side of the industry; it was also the necessary means to obtain the profits of selling.
Friis, op. cit., p. 337.
N. W. Posthumus: De Leidsche Lakenindustrie (1939), Vol. Ill, Ch. VII. See also J. D. Gould’s article in the Economic History Review (2nd series), Vol. VII No. 1 (1954), on ‘The Trade Depression of the Early 1620s’.
Thurloe: State Papers (1742), Vol. I, pp. 200–1.
According to Ralph Thoresby, Englishmen still went to Holland to study these matters in the eighteenth century. See H. Heaton: The Yorkshire Woollen and Worsted Industries (1920), pp. 392–3.
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2 For the American Colonies and West Indies, see G. L. Beer: The Origins of the British Colonial System (1908). The Cambridge History of the British Empire (1929), Vol. I, Ch. VII. A. P. Newton: The European Nations in the West Indies, 1493–1688 (1933), Chs. XI-XVIII.
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State Papers (Domestic), XXIV, 21. See also A. E. Feaveryear: The Pound Sterling (1931), pp. 82 et seq.
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© 1978 Curtis Brown Academic Ltd.
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Wilson, C. (1978). Economic Relations and the Sources of Tension in the First Half of the Century. In: Profit and Power. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9762-5_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9762-5_3
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