Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Child Behavior and Development ((CBD))

  • 231 Accesses

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to present a spectrum of treatments used for the preschool child. The age of the preschool child is customarily restricted to the span of brief years from toddlerhood (post-rapprochement) until entry into first grade—not nursery school, since children now start nursery school at 2 to 4 years old. But the term “preschool” is also used to refer to prelatency development—children, regardless of chronological age, between the separation-individuation phase and oedipal resolution who have not started the work of latency. The latter designation is not used in this chapter. Such children will be discussed in detail in the chapter on the treatment of the latency child. We shall restrict ourselves to the discussion of preschool children, ages 3 through 5 years or when the child starts first grade. For our purposes, this age span is appropriate, since children are seldom brought to a psychiatrist for treatment before the age of three (Geleerd, 1967). Younger children are usually referred to infant centers for developmental assessment and counseling of the parents.

Childhood is a chrysalis from which each must extricate himself. —D. H. Lawrence Fantasies of the Unconscious

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, P.L. (1974) A Primer of Child Psychotherapy. Boston: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amster, F. (1943) Different uses of play in treatment of young children. Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 13:62–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, S.A. (1952) A comparison of the techniques employed in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis of children. Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 22:484–498.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Axline, V.M. (1947) Play therapy: THe inner dynamics of childhood. New York: Houghton-Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bender, E. (1952) Clay modeling as a projective technique. In Child Psychiatric Techniques. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas, pp. 221–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bender, L., and A.A. Woltmann. (1936) The use of puppet shows as a psychotherapeutic method of behavior problems in children. Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 6:341–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, I. (1958) The importance of characteristics of the parents in deciding on child analysis. Am. J. Psychoanal. Assn. 6:71–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, I. (1975) On the technique of child and adolescent analysis, J. Am. Psychoanal. Assn. 23:190–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnard, A. (1950) The mother as therapist in a case of obsessional neurosis. Psychoanal. Study Child 5:391–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bornstein, B. (1945) Clinical notes on child analysis. Psychoanal. Study Child 1:151–166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bornstein, B. (1945) Emotional barriers in the understanding and treatment of children. Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 18:691–697.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bornstein, B. (1949) The analysis of a phobic child. Some problems of theory and technique in child analysis. Psychoanal. Study Child 3/4:181–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bornstein, B. (1954) Phobia in a two-and-a-half-year-old child. Psychoanal. Quart. 4:181–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burlingame, D.T. (1951) Present trends in handling the mother-child relationship during the therapeutic process. Psychoanal. Study Child 6:31–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buxbaum, E. (1951) Psychotherapy and psychoanalysis in the treatment of children. The Nervous Child 5:115–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buxbaum, E, (1954) Technique of child therapy: a critical evaluation. Psychoanal. Study Child 9:297–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • C.O.P.E.R. (1974) Conference on Psychoanalytic Education and Research. The American Psychoanalytic Association. Position Papers, Commission I and IX.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. (1949) Distinguishing between psychotherapy and casework. J. Social Casework 30:219–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekstein, R., and S. Friedman. (1957) The function of acting out, play action, and play acting in the psychotherapeutic process. Am. J. Psychoanal. Assn. 5:581–629.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fieldsteel, N.D. (1974) Family therapy-individual therapy: A false dichotomy. In L. Wolberg and J. Aronson, eds., Group Therapy. New York: Grune & Stratton, pp. 44–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraiberg, S. (1952) A critical neurosis in a two-and-a-half-year-old girl. Psychoanal. Study Child 7:173–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Framo, J.L. ed., (1972) Family Interaction. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, A. (1974) Indications for child analysis. Psychoanal. Study Child 1:127–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, A. (1946) The Psychoanalytical Treatment of Children. New York: Schocken.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, A. (1965) Normality and Pathology in Childhood. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, A. (1971) The Writing of Anna Freud. Vol. VII, 1966-1970. Problems of Psychoanalytic Training, Diagnosis and the Technique of Therapy. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furman, E. (1957) Treatment of under-fives by way of parents. Psychoanal. Study Child 12:250–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R.A. (1971) Therapeutic Communication with Children. New York: Science House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geleerd, E.R., Ed. (1967) The Child Analyst at Work. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, J.D., and J.A. Sours. (1967) The Child Mental Status Examination. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haley, J., and L. Hoffman, eds. (1967) Techniques of Family Therapy. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hambridge, F. (1955) Structured play therapy. Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 25:601–617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, G. (1947) Psychotherapy in Child Guidance. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, M. (1961) Panel report: Resistances in child analysis. J. Am. Psychoanal. Assn. 9:548–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (1968) Piaget’s theory of intellectual development: The changing world of the child. Conn. Med. 332:444–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haworth, M.R., ed. (1964) Child Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinickle, CM., et al. (1965) Frequency of psychotherapeutic sessions as a factor affecting the child’s developmental status. Psychoanal. Study Child 20:42–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, D.O. (1977) Play Therapy. Oceanside, N.Y.: Da-bor Science Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karasu, T.B. (1977) Psychotherapies: An overview. Am. J. Psychiat. 134:851–863.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, H. (1972) Problems in reconstruction in child analysis. Psychoanal. Study Child 26:386–402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kernberg, O.F. (1972) Early ego integration and direct relations. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 193:233–247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kestenberg, J. (1969) Problems of child analysis in relation to the various developmental stages: Prelatency. Psychoanal. Study Child 24:358–383.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, M. (1954) The Psychoanalysis of Children London: Hogarth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, M. (1955) The psychoanalytic play technique. Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 25:223–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohrman, R., H.H. Fineberg, R.C. Gelman, and S. Weiss (1971) Technique of child analysis. Int. J. Psychoanal. 52: 487–497.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, C.H. (1968) The Relationship between Child and Family Psychopathology: A Suggested Extension of Psychoanalytic Theory and Technique. Chicago: Family Institute of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, D.H. (1921) Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious and Fantasia of the Unconscious. New York: Viking Press, p. 150.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Levy, D. (1937) Attitude therapy. Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 7:103–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levy, D. (1939) Release therapy. Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 9:713–736.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. (1974) Interpretation in Child Analysis. J. Am. Acad. Child Psychiat. 13:32–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maenchen, A. (1970) On the technique of child analysis in relation to stages of development. Psychoanal. Study Child 25:175–208.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Machover, K. (1951) Personality Projection in the Drawing of the Human Figure. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahler, M. (1968) On Human Symbiosis and the Vicissitudes of Individuation. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagera, H. (1963) The developmental profile. Notes on some practical considerations regarding its use. Psychoanal. Study Child 18:511–540.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagera, H. (1966) Early Childhood Disturbances, The Infantile Neurosis, and the Adulthood Disturbances. Monograph No. 2, Psychoanalytic Studies of the Child. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neubauer, P.M. (1972) Psychoanalysis of the pre-school child. In B.B. Wolman, ed., The Handbook of Child Psychoanalysis. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 221–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olch, G. (1971) Panel Report: Technical problems in the analyses of the preoedipal and preschool child. J. Am. Psychoan. Assn. 19:543–551.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, G.H.J. (1968) A Handbook of Child Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, G.H.J. (1974-75) What is psychotherapy? Proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Psychotherapy, Oslo, 1973. Psychother. & Psychosom. 24, Nos. 4-6, 1974, and 25, Nos. 1-6 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Peller, L. (1954) Libidinal phases, ego development and play. Psychoanal. Study Child 9:178–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, C.E., ed. (1976) Therapeutic Use of Child’s Play. New York: Jason Aronson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shane, M. (1977) A rationale for teaching analytic technique based on a developmental orientation and approach. Int. J. Psychoanal. 58:95–108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smirnoff, V. (1968) The Scope of Child Analysis. New York, International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterba, E. (1959) Child analysis. In M. Levitt, ed., Readings in Psychoanalytic Psychology. New York: Apple-ton-Century-Crofts, pp. 287–310.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Szurek, S., et al. (1942) Collaborative psychiatric therapy of parent-child problems. Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 12: 511–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weil, A.D. (1973) Ego strengthening prior to analysis. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. 28:487–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winnicott, D.W. (1971) Playing and Reality. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolman, B.B., ed. (1972) Handbook of Child Psychoanalysis. New York: Van Nostrand.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Spectrum Publications, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sours, J.A. (1980). Preschool-Age Children. In: Sholevar, G.P., Benson, R.M., Blinder, B.J. (eds) Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Child Behavior and Development. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6684-3_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6684-3_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-6686-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-6684-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics