Genetic Determination and Application of Photosynthetic Indexes as a Real Way in Crop Production Improvement

Abstract

A real approach to plant production process’ regulation is the creation of physiology — genetic active photosynthetic apparatus by crop breeding. Increasing of photosynthetic apparatus activity can be created by a way of photosynthetic tests’ elaboration and application and its genetic determination in limiting environments. It has been shown that wheat crop production based on functional activity and structure all of the levels of photosynthetic apparatus organization: from photosystems — to whole plant. The more suitable indexes for crop breeding in field conditions are the morpho-physiological ones and CO2 -gas — components in leaf and whole plant. We have characterized 30 photosynthetic indexes for tests on productivity and drought adaptability elaboration and 11 photosynthetic test-systems with different economic-valuable meaning . Based on these indexes with using of correlation, combine ability and polygene analysis, we have elaborated the ways of wheat productivity and ecological adaptability determination. The new lines of wheat — donors of photosynthetic indexes and first productive sort of winter wheat with high photosynthetic activity were produced.