Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Environment & Policy ((ENPO,volume 31))

  • 280 Accesses

Abstract

In this second cluster of chapters, we will develop and initiate our approach towards the policy recommendations that should be considered in connection with the future EU heavy metals framework.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. CEC, 1993. Commission of the European Communities, Directorate General XI — Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection: Towards Sustainability, Luxembourg, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  2. CEC, 2000. Commission of the European Communities. Communication from the Commission on the Precautionary Principle, 2.2.2000 COM (2000) 1 final.

    Google Scholar 

  3. DoE (Department of Environment) 1995. A guide to risk assessment and risk management for environmental protection. HSMO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  4. EC (European Commission) 1996. Technical guidance document in support of commission directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and commission regulation (EC) No. 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances. Part I.

    Google Scholar 

  5. EPA, 1989 The Toxics-Release Inventory: A national Perspective. Washington, D.C. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, June 1989, EPA 560/4-89-005.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gee, D., Harremoes, J., MacGaming, M., Stirling, A., Vazad, S., Wynne, B. 7–8 June 2000. The precautionary principle: Late lessons from Early Warnings. Paper prepared for the international conference on Cell Tower Siting: Linking Science & Public Health, Salzburg.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Gow, H.B.F. and H. Otway (Ed.) 1990. Communicating with the public about major accident hazards, page 461–9. Elsevier Applied Science, ISBN 1-85166-457-2

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gray, M., Jeffery, W. G., and Marchant, G. E. 1997. Risk assessment and risk management of non-ferrous metals: realising the benefits and controlling the risks. International Council on Metals and the Environment, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Group of Lisbon, 1993. Limits to Competition. Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Grübler, A. and N. Nakicenovic, 1991. Long Waves, Technology Diffusion, and Substitution. Publication RR-91–17, pp. 313–342. IIASA, Laxenburg.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Huppes, G., E. van der Voet, W.G.H. van der Naald, G.H. Vonkeman, P. Maxson, 1992. New Market-Oriented Instruments for Environmental Policies. Graham and Trotman, London. ISBN 1 85333-623-8.

    Google Scholar 

  12. lETC (International Environmental Technology Centre) 1996. Environmental risk assessment for sustainable cities. Technical publication series No. 3. United Nations Environmental Program.

    Google Scholar 

  13. International Council on Metals and the Environment 2000. Report of the Workshop on Environmental Risk Methodologies for Metals and Inorganic Metal Compounds, Montpellier, France, October 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Jansen, L., 1994. Towards a sustainable future — en route with technology! In: CLTM, The Environment: Towards a sustainable future, page 497–523. Series Environment & Policy, Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 0-7923-2655-5 (HB).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lu, F. C. 1992. Principals de toxicologic: données générales, procédures d’évaluation, organes cibles, évaluation du risque. Edit. Masson.

    Google Scholar 

  16. McKone, T. E. 1989. Household exposure models. Toxicology Letters, 49, 321–339.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. NAS (National Academy of Sciences) 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  18. NAS (National Academy of Sciences) 1994. Science and judgement in risk assessment. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  19. OECD, 1991. Science and Technology Policy, Review and Outlook.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Paustenbach, D. J. 1989. The risk assessment of environmental and human health hazards: a textbook of text studies. Willey and Sons, New York, 520 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Petts, J., Caimey, T. and Smith M. 1997. Risk-based contaminated land investigation and assessment. John Wiley & Sons, UK, 334 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Royal Society Report 1992. Risk, analysis, perception and management, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Scoullos, M., Hunt, J., Roniotes, A., 1998. Background document of the MCSD: Thematic group on Information, Awareness, Environmental Education and Participation (Submitted to the MCSD Meeting in Rome, 1–3 July, 1999. Annex to the final report of the Thematic Group).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Scoullos M.J., 2000. Public participation and access to environmental information. Proceedings of the OECD seminar: Public access to environmental information, Athens, 5–7 June, p.151–155.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Stortenbeker, C.W., 1990. En route for Easter Island? Man and his natural environment (in Dutch). In: Het milieu: Denkbeelden voor de 21ste Eeuw, p. 309–333, Kerckebosch BV, Zeist. ISBN 90-6720-091-3.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Tuininga, E.J., 1990. A world of difference: long-term policy in the USA environment (in Dutch). In: Het milieu: Denkbeelden voor de 21ste Eeuw, p. 523–546, Kerckebosch BV, Zeist. ISBN 90-6720-091-3.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Tuininga, E.J., 1994. Sustainability — a new challenge for Japan? In: CLTM, The Environment: Towards a sustainable future, page 175–205. Series Environment & Policy, Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 0-7923-2655-5 (HB).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tristan-Montero, E. E. (2000). Human Health Risk Assessment for Contaminated Land in Historical Mining Areas. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Tsuhi, J. E., and Searl, K. M. 1996. Current uses of EPA lead model to assess health risk and action levels for soil. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 18, 25–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. UNCED, 1992a. Agenda 21. 14 June 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  31. UNCED, 1992b: The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. A/CONF. 151/5/Rev.l, 13 June 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Van Gool, W. 1990. Energy never gets lost. But what about the environment? (in Dutch) In: Het milieu: Denkbeelden voor de 21ste Eeuw, pp. 413–435, Kerckebosch BV, Zeist. ISBN 90-6720-091-3.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Vonkeman. G.H., (1990) Risk Assessment and Risk Communication. Attitudes of interested parties and their consequences for action at Community level. In: H.B.F. Gow and H. Otway, (ed.). Communicating with the public about major accident hazards, pp. 461–469. Elsevier Applied Science, ISBN 1 85166 457 2

    Google Scholar 

  34. Vonkeman. G.H., (ed.), (2000). Sustainable development of European Cities and Regions. Series Environment & Policy, Vol. 26. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston. ISBN 0-7923-6423-6.

    Google Scholar 

  35. WECD, 1987. World Commission on Environment and Development WCED, Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, UK..

    Google Scholar 

  36. Weterings, R.A.P.M. and J.B. Opschoor, 1992. The eco-capacity as a challenge to technological development, RMNO publ. 74a, Rijswijk.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Winsemius, P., 1986 Gast in eigen huis. (Guest in your own house; in Dutch). Samsom/H.D. Tjeenk Willink, Alphen a.d. Rijn.

    Google Scholar 

  38. WRR, 1994. Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid (WRR). Duurzame risico’s: een blijvend gegeven. Publik. 44, Sdu, Den Haag ISBN 90-399-0719-6.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Michael J. Scoullos

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Scoullos, M.J., Vonkeman, G.H., Thornton, I., Makuch, Z. (2001). Theoretical background for framing policies and legislation on heavy metals. In: Scoullos, M.J. (eds) Mercury — Cadmium — Lead Handbook for Sustainable Heavy Metals Policy and Regulation. Environment & Policy, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0403-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0403-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3896-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0403-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics