Abstract
In this second cluster of chapters, we will develop and initiate our approach towards the policy recommendations that should be considered in connection with the future EU heavy metals framework.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
CEC, 1993. Commission of the European Communities, Directorate General XI — Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection: Towards Sustainability, Luxembourg, 1993.
CEC, 2000. Commission of the European Communities. Communication from the Commission on the Precautionary Principle, 2.2.2000 COM (2000) 1 final.
DoE (Department of Environment) 1995. A guide to risk assessment and risk management for environmental protection. HSMO, London.
EC (European Commission) 1996. Technical guidance document in support of commission directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and commission regulation (EC) No. 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances. Part I.
EPA, 1989 The Toxics-Release Inventory: A national Perspective. Washington, D.C. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, June 1989, EPA 560/4-89-005.
Gee, D., Harremoes, J., MacGaming, M., Stirling, A., Vazad, S., Wynne, B. 7–8 June 2000. The precautionary principle: Late lessons from Early Warnings. Paper prepared for the international conference on Cell Tower Siting: Linking Science & Public Health, Salzburg.
Gow, H.B.F. and H. Otway (Ed.) 1990. Communicating with the public about major accident hazards, page 461–9. Elsevier Applied Science, ISBN 1-85166-457-2
Gray, M., Jeffery, W. G., and Marchant, G. E. 1997. Risk assessment and risk management of non-ferrous metals: realising the benefits and controlling the risks. International Council on Metals and the Environment, Ontario.
Group of Lisbon, 1993. Limits to Competition. Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon.
Grübler, A. and N. Nakicenovic, 1991. Long Waves, Technology Diffusion, and Substitution. Publication RR-91–17, pp. 313–342. IIASA, Laxenburg.
Huppes, G., E. van der Voet, W.G.H. van der Naald, G.H. Vonkeman, P. Maxson, 1992. New Market-Oriented Instruments for Environmental Policies. Graham and Trotman, London. ISBN 1 85333-623-8.
lETC (International Environmental Technology Centre) 1996. Environmental risk assessment for sustainable cities. Technical publication series No. 3. United Nations Environmental Program.
International Council on Metals and the Environment 2000. Report of the Workshop on Environmental Risk Methodologies for Metals and Inorganic Metal Compounds, Montpellier, France, October 1999.
Jansen, L., 1994. Towards a sustainable future — en route with technology! In: CLTM, The Environment: Towards a sustainable future, page 497–523. Series Environment & Policy, Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 0-7923-2655-5 (HB).
Lu, F. C. 1992. Principals de toxicologic: données générales, procédures d’évaluation, organes cibles, évaluation du risque. Edit. Masson.
McKone, T. E. 1989. Household exposure models. Toxicology Letters, 49, 321–339.
NAS (National Academy of Sciences) 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
NAS (National Academy of Sciences) 1994. Science and judgement in risk assessment. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
OECD, 1991. Science and Technology Policy, Review and Outlook.
Paustenbach, D. J. 1989. The risk assessment of environmental and human health hazards: a textbook of text studies. Willey and Sons, New York, 520 pp.
Petts, J., Caimey, T. and Smith M. 1997. Risk-based contaminated land investigation and assessment. John Wiley & Sons, UK, 334 pp.
Royal Society Report 1992. Risk, analysis, perception and management, UK.
Scoullos, M., Hunt, J., Roniotes, A., 1998. Background document of the MCSD: Thematic group on Information, Awareness, Environmental Education and Participation (Submitted to the MCSD Meeting in Rome, 1–3 July, 1999. Annex to the final report of the Thematic Group).
Scoullos M.J., 2000. Public participation and access to environmental information. Proceedings of the OECD seminar: Public access to environmental information, Athens, 5–7 June, p.151–155.
Stortenbeker, C.W., 1990. En route for Easter Island? Man and his natural environment (in Dutch). In: Het milieu: Denkbeelden voor de 21ste Eeuw, p. 309–333, Kerckebosch BV, Zeist. ISBN 90-6720-091-3.
Tuininga, E.J., 1990. A world of difference: long-term policy in the USA environment (in Dutch). In: Het milieu: Denkbeelden voor de 21ste Eeuw, p. 523–546, Kerckebosch BV, Zeist. ISBN 90-6720-091-3.
Tuininga, E.J., 1994. Sustainability — a new challenge for Japan? In: CLTM, The Environment: Towards a sustainable future, page 175–205. Series Environment & Policy, Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 0-7923-2655-5 (HB).
Tristan-Montero, E. E. (2000). Human Health Risk Assessment for Contaminated Land in Historical Mining Areas. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of London.
Tsuhi, J. E., and Searl, K. M. 1996. Current uses of EPA lead model to assess health risk and action levels for soil. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 18, 25–33.
UNCED, 1992a. Agenda 21. 14 June 1992.
UNCED, 1992b: The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. A/CONF. 151/5/Rev.l, 13 June 1992.
Van Gool, W. 1990. Energy never gets lost. But what about the environment? (in Dutch) In: Het milieu: Denkbeelden voor de 21ste Eeuw, pp. 413–435, Kerckebosch BV, Zeist. ISBN 90-6720-091-3.
Vonkeman. G.H., (1990) Risk Assessment and Risk Communication. Attitudes of interested parties and their consequences for action at Community level. In: H.B.F. Gow and H. Otway, (ed.). Communicating with the public about major accident hazards, pp. 461–469. Elsevier Applied Science, ISBN 1 85166 457 2
Vonkeman. G.H., (ed.), (2000). Sustainable development of European Cities and Regions. Series Environment & Policy, Vol. 26. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston. ISBN 0-7923-6423-6.
WECD, 1987. World Commission on Environment and Development WCED, Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, UK..
Weterings, R.A.P.M. and J.B. Opschoor, 1992. The eco-capacity as a challenge to technological development, RMNO publ. 74a, Rijswijk.
Winsemius, P., 1986 Gast in eigen huis. (Guest in your own house; in Dutch). Samsom/H.D. Tjeenk Willink, Alphen a.d. Rijn.
WRR, 1994. Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid (WRR). Duurzame risico’s: een blijvend gegeven. Publik. 44, Sdu, Den Haag ISBN 90-399-0719-6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Scoullos, M.J., Vonkeman, G.H., Thornton, I., Makuch, Z. (2001). Theoretical background for framing policies and legislation on heavy metals. In: Scoullos, M.J. (eds) Mercury — Cadmium — Lead Handbook for Sustainable Heavy Metals Policy and Regulation. Environment & Policy, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0403-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0403-9_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3896-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0403-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive