Abstract
The smoking of tobacco in its various forms has persisted for centuries and continues today in spite of the tremendous publicity given to its adverse effects. The reasons why people smoke are varied and complex. Sociological, psychological and pharmacological factors all play an important role in the development and maintenance of the smoking habit. It is now generally accepted that many smokers who inhale are smoking for and become dependent on the nicotine content of tobacco smoke. Studies in both experimental animals and man during the last decade have contributed to a better understanding of the effects of nicotine and tobacco smoke on the central nervous system and to the establishing of a pharmacological basis for the tobacco smoking habit (Armitage, Hall and Morrison, 1968; Hall, 1970; Hall and Morrison, 1973; Ashton et al., 1978; Hall, Francis and Morrison, 1978).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Armitage, A. K and Hall, G. H. (1967). Further evidence relating to the mode of action of nicotine in the central nervous system. Nature (London), 214, 977
Armitage, A. K., Hall, G. H. and Morrison, C. F. (1968). Pharmacological basis for the tobacco smoking habit. Nature, (London), 217, 331
Armitage, A. K., Hall, G. H. and Sellers, C. M. (1969). Effects of nicotine on electrocortical activity and acetylcholine release from the cat cerebral cortex. Br. J. Pharmacol., 35, 152
Ashton, H., Millman, J. E., Rawlins, M. D., Telford, R. and Thompson, J. W. (1978). The use of event related slow potentials of the brain in the analysis of effects of Cigarette smoking and nicotine in humans. In Battig, K. (ed.) Behavioural Effects of Nicotine, pp. 26–37. (Basel: Karger)
Bahkle Y. S., Hartiala, J., Toivonen, H. and Votila, P. (1979). Effects of cigarette smoke on the metabolism of vasoactive hormones in rat isolated lung. Br. J. Pharmacol., 65, 495
Balfour, D. J. K. (1973). Effects of nicotine on the uptake and retention of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine by rat brain homogenates. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 23, 19
Balfour, D. J. K. (1978). Biochemical approach to the study of nicotine dependence in rats. In Battig, K. (ed.) Behavioural Effects of Nicotine, pp. 83–93. (Basel: Karger)
Carlsson, A. (1978). Antipsychotic drugs, neurotransmitters and schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry, 135, 164
Cohen, L. H., Thale, T. and Tissenbaum, M. J. (1944). Acetylcholine treatment of schizophrenia. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry, 51, 171
Dale, H. H. (1914), The action of certain esters and ethers of choline and their relation to muscarine. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 6, 147
Davis, K. L., Berger, P. A., Hollister, L. E. and Barchas, J. D. (1978). Cholinergic involvement in mental disorders. Life Sci., 22, 1865
Feldberg, W. (1976). Possible assocation of schizophrenia with a disturbance in prostaglan-din metabolism: a physiological hypothesis. Psychol. Med, 6, 359
Hall, G. H. (1970). Effects of nicotine and tobacco smoke on the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb. Br. J. Pharmacol., 38, 271
Hall, G. H. (1972). Changes in body temperature produced by cholinomimetic substances injected into the cerebral ventricles of unanaesthetized cats. Br. J. Pharmacol., 44, 634
Hall, G. H., Francis, R. L. and Morrison, C. F. (1978). Nicotine dependence, avoidance behaviour and pituitary-adrenocortical function. In Battig, K. (ed.) Behavioural Effects of Nicotine, pp. 94–107. (Basel: Karger)
Hall, G. H. and Morrison, C. F. (1973). New evidence for a relationship between tobacco smoking, nicotine dependence and stress. Nature (London), 243, 199
Hall, G. H. and Myers, R. D. (1971). Hypothermia produced by nicotine perfused through the cerebral ventricles of the unanaesthetized monkey. Neuropharmacology, 10, 391
Hall, G. H. and Myers, R. D. (1972). Temperature changes produced by nicotine injected into the hypothalamus of the conscious monkey. Brain Res., 37, 241
Hall, G. H. and Turner, D. M. (1972). Effects of nicotine on the release of 3H-noradrenaline from the hypothalamus. Biochem. Pharmacol., 21, 1829
Hartmann, E. (1976). Schizophrenia: a theory. Psychopharmacology, 49, 1
Horrobin, D. F. (1977). Schizophrenia as a prostaglandin deficiency disease. Lancet, 1, 936
Horrobin, D. F. (1979). Possible role of prostaglandin deficiency in schizophrenia: Relevance for the dopamine, opioid and pineal deficiency concepts of the disease. (This volume)
Kissen, D. M. (1960). Psycho-social factors in cigarette smoking motivation. Med. Offr., 104, 365
Knox, G. V. and Lomax, P. (1972). The effect of nicotine on thermosensitive units in the rostral hypothalamus. Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc., 15, 179
Lichtensteiger, W., Felix, D., Lienhart, R. and Hefti, F. (1976). A quantitative correlation between single unit activity and fluorescence intensity of dopamine nerones in zona com-pacta of substantia nigra as demonstrated under the influence of nicotine and physostig-mine. Brain Res., 117, 85
Lichtensteiger, W., Richards, J. G. and Kopp, H. G. (1978). Changes in the distribution of non-neuronal elements in rat median eminence and in anterior pituitary hormone secretion after activation of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurones by brain stimulation or nicotine. Brain Res., 157, 73
Lomax, P. and Kirkpatrick, W. E. (1969). Cholinergic transmission in the thermoregulatory centers. (Abstract) 4th International Congress of Pharmacolgy, p. 223. (Basel: Schwabe)
Pradhan, S. N. and Bowling, C. (1971). Effects of nicotine on self-stimulation in rats. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther., 176, 229
Rubin, R. P. and Warner, W. (1975). Nicotine-induced stimulation of steroidogenesis in adrenocortical cells of the cat. Br. J. Pharmacol, 53, 357
Seevers, M. H. (1968). Psychopharmacological elements of drug dependence. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 206, 1263
Sidman, M. (1953). Avoidance conditioning with brief shock and no exteroceptive warning signal. Science, 118, 157
Stein, L. and Wise, D. (1971). Possible etiology of schizophrenia: Progressive damage to the noradrenergic reward system by 6-hydroxydopamine. Science, 171, 1032
Wanner, H. V. and Battig, K. (1968). Die Wirkung von Nicotin and Amphetamin auf die subkortikale Selbstreizung der Ratte. Z. Prav. Med., 13, 101
Weiss, J. M. (1971). Effects of coping behaviour with and without a feedback signal on stress pathology in rats. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 77, 22
Wennalm, A. (1978). Effects of nicotine on cardiac prostaglandin and platelet thromboxane synthesis. Br. J. Pharmacol., 64, 559
Wise, C. D. and Stein, L. (1973). Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficits in the brain of schizophrenic patients. Science, 181, 344
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 MTP Press Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hall, G.H. (1980). The pharmacology of tobacco smoking in relation to schizophrenia. In: Hemmings, G. (eds) Biochemistry of Schizophrenia and Addiction. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8706-7_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8706-7_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8708-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8706-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive