Abstract
Several endogenous peptides with morphine-like properties (endorphins) are present in the pituitary, brain and various peripheral tissues. The presently known endorphins belong to three major families, arising from three distinct systems: pro-opiomelanocortin• proenkephalin and prodynorphin. There is some evidence that the opioid peptides belonging to a certain family can activate a specific subclass of opioid receptors. Endorphins may be concerned in motivational processes implicated in pain sensation, pain tolerance and the integrated response to pain and less in pain perception. Multiple endogenous analgesic systems are present in the body. Both neural and humoral pathways and both opioid and non-opioid substances play roles in the complex modulation of pain transmission. These various systems can be selectively activated by different environmental manipulations. Endorphins have inherent addictive properties and they have been implicated in reward mechanisms in the brain. It is postulated that they may facilitate “physiological” feelings of euphoria and lead to a state of ecstasy, which may be an important factor in addiction to various substances and habits.
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Van Ree, J.M. (1986). Endorphin systems, pain and addiction. In: Van Miert, A.S.J.P.A.M., Bogaert, M.G., Debackere, M. (eds) Comparative Veterinary Pharmacology, Toxicology and Theraphy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4153-3_43
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4153-3_43
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