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The Essentiality and Metabolism of Vanadium

  • Chapter
Vanadium in Biological Systems

Abstract

The hypothesis that vanadium is nutritionally essential for higher animals, including humans, has had a long and checkered history. In 1949, Rygh (1949) reported that vanadium might be needed by animals because vanadium stimulated the mineralization of bones and teeth, and prevented caries formation in rats and guinea pigs. However, Bertrand (1950) stated in 1950 that “we are completely ignorant of the physiological role of vanadium in animals, where its presence is constant.” Schroeder et al., (1963) reviewed the literature up to 1963 and concluded that, although vanadium behaves like an essential trace element, final proof of essentiality for mammals was still lacking. Between 1971 and 1974, a number of findings reported by several different research groups (Schwarz and Milne, 1971; Strasia, 1971; Hopkins and Mohr, 1971, 1974; Nielsen and Ollerich, 1973; Williams, 1973; Nielsen and Sandstead, 1974) led many to conclude that vanadium is an essential nutrient. However, subsequent reports (Nielsen, 1985a; Nechay et al., 1986) presented a convincing argument that most of the evidence presented as proof for the essentiality of vanadium was nothing more than evidence that vanadium has very active in vitro and pharmacologic actions. Only recently the conclusion of Schroeder et al., (1963) that “no other trace metal has so long had so many supposed biological activities without having been proved to be essential” has begun to crumble.

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  1. United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, P.O. Box 7166, University Station, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA

    Forrest H. Nielsen & Eric O. Uthus

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  1. Forrest H. Nielsen
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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, USA

    N. Dennis Chasteen

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Nielsen, F.H., Uthus, E.O. (1990). The Essentiality and Metabolism of Vanadium. In: Chasteen, N.D. (eds) Vanadium in Biological Systems. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2023-1_3

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