Abstract
The biodeterioration of structures immersed in sea water or in which sea water is circulating is caused by marine borers and fouling organisms. Biofouling can be divided into two main categories, macro and micro, with prevention of the latter remaining an unsolved problem in many cases. The principal methods for control offouling and borers are reviewed with special attention to ships, offshore platforms, intakes, condensers, fishing gear and piling. The materials involved are mainly timber, concrete, metals, plastics and paints. In the light of economic and performance requirements, only a few methods are applied successfully in general practice: impregnation of substrata by chemicals, antifouling coatings and elastomeric materials, treatment of circulating sea water, mechanical removal techniques, thermal-control and velocity-control techniques. Antifoulant substances are by design toxic and have been developed to be released into the environment at toxic concentrations, so they may become a source of pollution. A biological approach to fouling control has been explored seriously recently but at present biological control is not of wide industrial use.
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Relini, G. (1988). The State of the Art in the Protection of Marine Structures from Biodeterioration. In: Houghton, D.R., Smith, R.N., Eggins, H.O.W. (eds) Biodeterioration 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1363-9_39
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1363-9_39
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