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Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers

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General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications

Abstract

Biomarkers are molecular indicators that represent the biological status of health and disease. In human cancers, proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules can be used as biomarkers for detection and assessment. Molecular data measured using biomarkers can provide insight into a tumor’s genotype or phenotype and aid in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. The physical, chemical, and optical qualities of gold surfaces form the basis for much of their use as biomarker detection platforms. Functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are the most prevalent gold surface biomarker detection platform, and a majority of functionalization strategies have been applied to AuNP surfaces. This review focuses on recent and compelling developments in the functionalization of AuNP surfaces for the detection of biomarkers associated with human cancers.

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Abbreviations

ABTS:

2,2′-Azino-bis(3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid)

AFP:

α-Fetoprotein

ALP:

Alkaline Phosphatase

ANG:

Angiogenin

APP:

4-Aminophenylphosphate

Au-MNC:

Gold-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticle Cluster

AuNP:

Gold Nanoparticle

BHb:

Bovine Hemoglobin

BPA:

Bisphenol A

BSA:

Bovine Serum Albumin

DABCYL:

4-((4′-(Dimethyl-amino)phenyl)azo)benzoic Acid

DIC:

Differential Interference Contrast

DLS:

Dynamic Light Scattering

DMSO:

Dimethyl Sulfoxide

dsDNA:

Double-Stranded DNA

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

ELISA:

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

FITC:

Fluorescein Isothiocyanate

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

hAuNP:

Hairpin DNA Gold Nanoparticle

HAV:

Hepatitis A Virus

HBV:

Hepatitis B Virus

HCV:

Hepatitis C Virus

HER2:

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2

HIV:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HRP:

Horseradish Peroxidase

IPCR:

Immuno-PCR

MB:

Molecular Beacon

MIP:

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer

MIP-NP:

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticle

miRNA:

MicroRNA

MMP:

Magnetic Microparticle

NIP-NP:

Non-imprinted Polymer Nanoparticle

NP:

Nanoparticle

PCR:

Polymerase Chain Reaction

PFU:

Plaque-Forming Unit

PSA:

Prostate-Specific Antigen

qPCR:

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

RSV:

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

SELEX:

Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment

SERS:

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

SNP:

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

SPR:

Surface Plasmon Resonance

ssDNA:

Single-Stranded DNA

TEM:

Transmission Electron Microscope

TPS:

Two-Photon Scattering

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA

    Alexis C. Wong, David W. Wright & Joseph A. Conrad

Authors
  1. Alexis C. Wong
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  2. David W. Wright
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  3. Joseph A. Conrad
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joseph A. Conrad .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Wong, A.C., Wright, D.W., Conrad, J.A. (2014). Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers. In: Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7740-8_38-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7740-8_38-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7740-8

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