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Spin Current Generation by Spin Pumping

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Handbook of Spintronics

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Abstract

Magnetization dynamics is coupled with spin currents by exchanging the spin-angular momentum. This coupling allows to control magnetization by spin currents; spin injection into a ferromagnet induces magnetization precession. The inverse of this process, namely, spin current emission from precessing magnetization, is spin pumping, which offers a route for generating spin currents in a wide range of materials. This chapter describes experiments on the generation and detection of spin currents using the spin pumping and inverse spin-Hall effect. The inverse spin-Hall effect, conversion of spin currents into an electric voltage through spin-orbit interaction, induced by the spin pumping was first discovered in a metallic film. The spin pumping in this film is quantitatively consistent with a model calculation based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. This dynamical spin injection, the spin pumping, offers an easy and versatile way for injecting spin currents into not only metals but also high-resistivity materials. In a metal/semiconductor junction, the spin pumping is demonstrated to be controlled electrically through the tuning of dynamical spin-exchange coupling at the interface. This spin-injection method works without applying a charge current, which makes it possible to generate spin currents from magnetic insulators; the spin pumping appears even in a metal/insulator junction due to finite spin-exchange interaction at the interface. The spin pumping from an insulator enables nonlinear generation of spin currents: nonlinear spin pumping. The combination of the spin pumping and inverse spin-Hall effect provides an essential route for exploring spin physics in condensed matter.

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Abbreviations

FMR:

Ferromagnetic resonance

ISHE:

Inverse spin-Hall effect

LLG:

Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan

    Kazuya Ando

  2. Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan

    Eiji Saitoh

Authors
  1. Kazuya Ando
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  2. Eiji Saitoh
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazuya Ando .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics, The University of York, York, United Kingdom

    Yongbing Xu

  2. Dept. Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara College of Letters & Science, Santa Barbara, California, USA

    David D. Awschalom

  3. Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan

    Junsaku Nitta

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Ando, K., Saitoh, E. (2015). Spin Current Generation by Spin Pumping. In: Xu, Y., Awschalom, D., Nitta, J. (eds) Handbook of Spintronics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7604-3_52-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7604-3_52-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7604-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

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