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Wastewater Treatment with Concomitant Bioenergy Production Using Microbial Fuel Cells

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Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention

Abstract

Billions of dollars are spent on wastewater treatment each year, and the worldwide energy crisis makes green technologies increasingly more attractive. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can potentially be used to digest organic matter in wastewaters and reduce its solids by up to 90%. MFCs generate electricity by harvesting the electrons donated to the anode from organic carbon oxidation in an anaerobic anodic chamber mediated by bacteria in biofilms. The electrons flow through an external circuit to reach the cathode where they are used to react with oxygen and protons to form water in the cathodic chamber. Instead of using oxygen in the cathodic chamber, which requires expensive catalytic cathodes, alternate oxidants such as nitrate and nitrite in wastewaters can also be used as electron acceptors with a biocathode. It was claimed that MFCs have the potential to reduce power consumption in wastewaters by as much as 50%. By operating MFCs in electrolysis mode, known as microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), biohydrogen can be produced by applying a much lower external voltage than that for the direct water electrolysis. In laboratory investigations, MECs have been used to treat many kinds of hazardous wastes and wastewaters. Recently, there is a growing interest in producing value-added bioproducts from MFCs or MECs, as well as microbial desalination cells. Significant technical hurdles need to be overcome before large-scale MFCs become practical. Recent advances such as genetically engineered, dispersion-deficient microbes that bind tenaciously to an electrode, electrogenic hyperpilated bacteria, new anodic materials, more efficient mediators, and membrane-less MFCs make the feasibility of MFCs for wastewater treatment more promising than ever. This review discusses new advances in MFC operation, design, and optimization for wastewater treatment with concomitant bioenergy production.

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Acknowledgments

Huang and Cheng gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51178077, 21077017 and 21073163), Science & Research Program of Zhejiang Province (2010 C31014), Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization (ZJUCEU2010001), Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT0813), and “Energy + X” (2008) key program through Dalian University of Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China

    Liping Huang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Department of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

    Shaoan Cheng

  3. Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA

    Daniel J. Hassett

  4. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA

    Tingyue Gu

Authors
  1. Liping Huang
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  2. Shaoan Cheng
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  3. Daniel J. Hassett
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  4. Tingyue Gu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liping Huang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , JECRC Foundation, Jaipur Eng. College & Research Centre, Shri Ram ki Nangal, via Sitapura RIICO, Tonk Road, Jaipur, 302 022, Rajasthan, India

    Sanjay K. Sharma

  2. , # R-2 Media Lab, Indian Institute of Technology, Nankari, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rashmi Sanghi

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Huang, L., Cheng, S., Hassett, D.J., Gu, T. (2012). Wastewater Treatment with Concomitant Bioenergy Production Using Microbial Fuel Cells. In: Sharma, S., Sanghi, R. (eds) Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4204-8_14

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