Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Impact Drag Forces on Pipelines Caused by Submarine Glide Blocks or Out-Runner Blocks

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences

Part of the book series: Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research ((NTHR,volume 31))

Abstract

This paper discusses the forces resulting from the impact of an intact submarine landslide (the glide block or out-runner block region) on a suspended submarine pipeline. Eight physical experiments were conducted using the geotechnical centrifuge facility at C-CORE. In prototype scale, clay chunks equivalent to 12 m × 6 m × 4.5 m (l × w × h) were used to model the glide blocks or out-runner blocks. They had s u ranging from 4 to 7 kPa, and impact velocities ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 m/s. The clay blocks impacted the suspended pipes at a direction normal to the pipe axis. The diameters of the pipes were 0.19 and 0.29 m. Based on these experimental results, a method to estimate the impact drag force on a pipeline caused by a submarine glide block or out-runner block was developed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Audibert JME, Nyman KJ (1979) Soil restraint against horizontal motion of pipes. J Geotechnical Eng Div Am Soc Civil Eng (ASCE) 105(12):1555–1558

    Google Scholar 

  • Bea RG, Aurora RP (1983) Design of pipelines in mudslide areas. Offshore Technology Conference (OTC), Huston, Texas: 1985–1995

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowe CT, Elger DF, Roberson JA (2001) Engineering fluid mechanics. Wiely, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • De Blasio FV, Elverhoi A, Issler D, Harbitz CB, Bryn P, Lien R (2004) Flow models of natural debris flows originating from overconsolidated clay materials. Mar Geol 213(1–4):439–455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demars KR (1978) Design of marine pipelines for areas of unstable sediment. Transportation Eng J ASCE 104(1):109–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Elverhoi A, Issler D, De Blasio FV, Ilstad T, Harbitz CB, Gauer P (2005) Emerging insights into the dynamics of submarine debris flows. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 5(5):633–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garnier J, Gaudin C, Springman SM et al (2007) Catalogue of scaling laws and similitude questions in centrifuge modelling. Int J Phys Model Geotechnics 7(3):1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauer P, Elverhoi A, Issler D, De Blasio FV (2006) On numerical simulations of subaqueous slides: back-calculations of laboratory experiments of clay-rich slides. Norwegian J Geol 86(3):295–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgiadis M (1991) Landslide drag forces on pipelines. Soils Found 31(1):156–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harbitz CB, Parker G, Elverhoi A, Marr JG, Mohrig D (2003) Hydroplaning of subaqueous debris flows and glide blocks: analytical solutions and discussion. J Geophys Res-Solid Earth 108(B7):2349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Imran J, Harff P, Parker G (2001) A numerical model of submarine debris flow with graphical user interface. Comput Geosci 27(6):717–729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kvalstad TJ (2007) What is the current “Best Practice” in offshore geohazard investigations? A state-of-the-art review (OTC 18545). Offshore Technology Conference (OTC), Houston

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadim F, Locat TJ (2005) Risk assessment for submarine slides. In: Hunger O, Fell R, Couture R, Eberhardt E (eds) Paper presented at the international conference for landslide risk management, 31 May–3 June 2005. A.A. Balkema, Vancouver, pp 321–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira JRMS, Almeida RSS, Almeida MCF, Borges RG (2010) Physical modeling of lateral clay-pipe interaction. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 136(7):950–956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Randolph M, Cassidy M, Gourvenec S (2005) The Challenges of Offshore Geotechnical Engineering (Keynote). In: Proceedings of 16th international symposium on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering (ISSMGE), Balkema, Osaka, pp 123–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart DP, Randolph MF (1994) T-Bar penetration testing in soft clay. J Geotech Eng ASCE 120(12):6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Summers PB, Nyman DJ (1985) An approximate procedure for assessing the effects of mudslides on offshore pipelines. J Energy Resour Technol-Trans ASME 107(4):426–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson RC, Jones WT (1982) Mudslide effects on offshore pipelines. Transportation Eng J ASCE 108(6):585–600

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor RN (1995) Geotechnical centrifuge technology. Blackie Academic & Professional, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Zakeri A (2009a) Corrigendum to submarine debris flow impact on pipelines – part II: numerical analysis. Coastal Eng 56(1):1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zakeri A (2009b) Estimating drag forces on suspended and laid-on-seafloor pipelines caused by clay-rich submarine debris flow impact. In: Mosher D et al (eds) Paper presented at the submarine mass movements and their consequences, Nov 2009, Austin, vol 28. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 83–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Zakeri A (2009c) Review of the state-of-the-art: drag forces on submarine pipelines and piles caused by landslide or debris flow impact. J Offshore Mech Arctic Eng, Am Soc Mech Eng (ASME) 131(1):014001–014008. doi: 10.1115/1111.2957922

    Google Scholar 

  • Zakeri A (2009d) Submarine debris flow impact on suspended (Free-Span) pipelines: normal and longitudinal drag forces. Ocean Eng 36:10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zakeri A, Høeg D, Nadim F (2008) Submarine debris flow impact on pipelines – part I: experimental investigation. Coastal Eng 55:1209–1218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zakeri A, Hoeg D, Nadim F (2009) Submarine debris flow impact on pipelines: numerical modeling of drag forces for mitigation and control measures. SPE Projects, Facilities and Construction, Mar 2009: 11

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The presented work was supported by C-CORE which is greatly acknowledged. We express our sincere gratitude to Bradley Elliott, Gerry Piercey, Derry Nicholl, Don Cameron and Karl Tuff of the C-CORE Geotechnical Group for their significant efforts, help and contribution to this research program. We greatly appreciate the efforts of Dr. Peter Gauer, whose comments have improved this paper and the help in the past with the previous works and Dr. Andy Take for his comments as well.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. C-CORE, Captain Robert A. Bartlett Building, Morrissey Road, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada

    Ken Chi & Arash Zakeri

  2. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada

    Ken Chi & Bipul Hawlader

Authors
  1. Ken Chi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Arash Zakeri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bipul Hawlader
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arash Zakeri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Earth Resources Engineerin, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan

    Yasuhiro Yamada

  2. Fukada Geological Institute, 2-13-12 Honkomagome, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0021, Japan

    Kiichiro Kawamura

  3. Geological Survey of Japan, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan

    Ken Ikehara

  4. University of Tsukuba, Yokodai 1-127-2-C-740, Tsukubamirai, 300-2358, Japan

    Yujiro Ogawa

  5. Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, 08003, Spain

    Roger Urgeles

  6. Natural Resources Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Geological Survey of Canada, Challenge Dr. 1, Dartmouth, B2Y 4A2, Canada

    David Mosher

  7. Woods Hole Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Woods Hole Road 384, Woods Hole, 02543, Massachusetts, USA

    Jason Chaytor

  8. , Geological Institute, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland

    Michael Strasser

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Chi, K., Zakeri, A., Hawlader, B. (2012). Impact Drag Forces on Pipelines Caused by Submarine Glide Blocks or Out-Runner Blocks. In: Yamada, Y., et al. Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2162-3_38

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation