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Anoxia pp 205–217Cite as

Survival of Tardigrades in Extreme Environments: A Model Animal for Astrobiology

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Part of the book series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 21))

Abstract

Tardigrades, which are tiny invertebrate animals, have been considered as an appropriate model for astrobiological studies based on their high survival ability under various types of environmental stresses. So far, researches have shown that tardigrades have high tolerance to ionizing radiation, wide ranges of temperatures, vacuum, and high pressures in anhydrobiosis, a state that organisms lack free water in the body, and they resume activity when water is added. In addition, recently, a short-term flight experiment demonstrated that tardigrades in an anhydrobiotic state survived open space environments at low Earth orbit. Results from those exposure experiments indicate that tardigrades are well tolerant of extremely low temperatures, vacuum, and high pressures. On the other hand, ionizing radiation, UV radiation, and high temperatures could be the critical factors to limit habitable environments for tardigrades. Future astrobiological research on tardigrades, such as long-term exposure experiments, might provide important insight into the possibilities of existence of animal-like life forms or interplanetary transfer of multicellular organisms in an anhydrobiotic state.

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Acknowledgments

I thank Lynn J. Rothschild and John Cumbers from NASA Ames Research Center for providing research advice on my studies. I also thank the NASA Astrobiology Institute Postdoctoral Program for supporting my research project at NASA Ames Research Center.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universety PAris Descartes-site Necker, Inserm U 1001, 75751, Paris Cedex 15, France

    Daiki D. Horikawa

  2. Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, 21000, Split, Croatia

    Daiki D. Horikawa

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  1. Daiki D. Horikawa
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Correspondence to Daiki D. Horikawa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Dept. for Earth and Environmental Resear, Ludwig-maximilians-University, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany

    Alexander V. Altenbach

  2. , Geology & Geophysics Department, Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Road 266, Woods Hole, 02543, Massachusetts, USA

    Joan M. Bernhard

  3. Jerusalem, The Hebrew University Of, P.O.Box 1132, Efrat, 90435, Israel

    Joseph Seckbach

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Horikawa, D.D. (2012). Survival of Tardigrades in Extreme Environments: A Model Animal for Astrobiology. In: Altenbach, A., Bernhard, J., Seckbach, J. (eds) Anoxia. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1896-8_12

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