Skip to main content

Early Archaean Life

  • Chapter
Life in the Universe

Part of the book series: Cellular Origin and Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 7))

  • 438 Accesses

Abstract

After a number of decades of research on the evidence for life in the Early Archaean epoch (4.0-3.2 Ga), recent controversies have thrown the very concept of the existence of life on Earth in this time period into discussion (Brasier et al., 2001; Lindsay et al., 2003; Westall and Folk, 2003; van Zuilen et al., 2002, 2003; Lepland et al., 2002). In this contribution I will review the discussions, describe the procedures that should be followed in the search for fossil life, and briefly document the evidence for widespread and relatively abundant life in 3.5-3.3 Ga sediments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Refrences

  • Brasier, M.D., Green, O.R., Jephcoat, A.P., Kleppe, A.K., van Kranendonk, M., Lindsay, J.F., Steele, A. and Grassineau, N. (2002) Questioning the evidence for Earth’s oldest fossils. Nature, 416, 76–81.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepland, A., Arrhenius, G. and Cornell, D. (2002) Apatite in early Archean Isua supracrustal rocks, southern West Greenland: its origin, association with graphite and potential as a biomarker. Precambrian Res., 118, 221–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay J.F., Brasier M.D., McLoughlin N., Green O.R., Fogel M., McNamara K.M., Steele A. and Mertzman, S.A. (2003) Abiotic earth-establishingabaseline for earliest life, data from the Archaeanofwestern Australia. LPSC XXXIV, # 1137.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mojzsis, S.J., Arrhenius, G., McKeegan, K.D., Harrison, T.M., Nutman, A.P. and Friend, C.R.L. (1996) Evidence for life on Earth before 3800 millio-n years ago. Nature, 384, 55–59.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pflug, H.D. (1979) Archean fossil finds resembling yeasts. Geol. Palaeontol., 13, 1–8.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Pflug, H.D., (2001) Earliest organic evolution, Essay to the memory of Bartholomew Nagy. Precamb. Res., 106, 79–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pflug, H.D. and Jaeschke-Boyer, H. (1979) Combined structural and chemical analysis of 3,800-Myr-old microfossils. Nature, 280, 483–486.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, E.I. (1987) Appelella ferrifera, a possible new iron-coated microfossil in the Isua Iron-Formation, South-western Greenland. In: P.W.U. Appel and G.L. LaBerge (eds.) Precambrian Iron Formations, Theophrastes, Athens, pp. 141–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, E.I. and Iberall, A.S. (1991) Mineral remains of early life on Earth? On Mars? Geomicrobiol. J., 9, 51–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosing M.T. (1999) 13C depleted carbon microparticles in >3700 Ma seafloor sedimentary rocks from West Greenland. Science, 283, 674–676.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schidlowski, M. (2001) Carbon isotopes asbiogeochemical recorders oflife over 3.8 Ga of Earth history: evolution of a concept. Precambrian Res., 106, 117–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schopf, J.W. (1993) Microfossils of the Early Archean Apex Chert: new evidence of the antiquity of life. Science, 260, 640–646.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Zuilen, M., Lepland, A. and Arrhenius, G. 2002. Reassessing the evidence for the earliest tracesof life. Nature, 418, 627–630.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Zuilen, M.A., Lepland, A., Teranes, J., Finarelli, J., Wahlen, M. and Arrhenius, G. (2003) Graphite and carbonates in the 3.8 Ga old Isua Supracrustal Belt, southern West Greenland. Precambrian Res., 126, 331–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, M.M. (1992) Microfossils and possible microfossils from the Early Archean Onverwacht Group, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa. Precambrian Res., 54, 271–293.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, M.M. and Lowe, D.R. (1999) Modes of accumulation of carbonaceous matter in the early Archaean: A petrographic and geochemical study of carbonaceous cherts from the Swaziland Supergroup. In: D. R. Lowe and G.R. Byerly (eds.) Geologic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa, Geol. Soc. Am Spec. Paper, 329, 115–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westall, F. (1999) The nature of fossil bacteria. J. Geophys. Res., 104: 16, 437–16,451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westall, F. (2003a) The geological context for the origin of life and the mineral signatures of fossil life. In: H. Martin, M. Gardaud, G. Reisse, and B. Barbier (eds.) The Early Earth and the Origin of Life, Springer, Berlin, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westall, F. (2003b) Stephen Jay Gould, les procaryotes et leur Ă©volution dans le contexte gĂ©ologique. Palevol, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westall, F., and Folk, R.L. (2003) Exogenous carbonaceous microstructures in Early Archaean cherts and BIFs from the Isua greenstone belt: Implications for the search for life in ancient rocks. Precambrian Res., 126, 313–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westall, F., De Wit, M.J., Dann, J., Van Der Gaast., S., De Ronde., C. and Gerneke., D. (2001) Early Archaean fossil bacteria and biofilms in hydrothermally-influenced, shallow water sediments, Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa. Precambrian Res., 106, 93–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westall, F., Steele, A., Toporski, J. Walsh, M., Allen, C., Guidry, S., Gibson, E., Mckay, D. and Chafetz, H. (2000) Polymeric substances and biofilms as biomarkers in terrestrial materials: Implications for extraterrestrial materials. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24, 511–24,527.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westall, F., Brack, A., Barbier, B., Bertrand, M. and Chabin, A. (2002) Early Earth and early life: an extreme environmentand extremophiles-applicationtothesearch for lifeonMars. Proceedingsofthe Second European Workshop on Exo/Astrobiology Graz, Austria, 16–19 September 2002 (ESA SP-518), pp. 131-136.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Westall, F. (2004). Early Archaean Life. In: Seckbach, J., Chela-Flores, J., Owen, T., Raulin, F. (eds) Life in the Universe. Cellular Origin and Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1003-0_50

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1003-0_50

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-3093-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-1003-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics