Gedragsproblemen
Agressief, regelovertredend en delinquent gedrag van kinderen en jongeren is een belangrijke reden tot zorg. Om gedragsproblemen effectief te kunnen voorkomen en behandelen is het belangrijk te weten hoe ze ontstaan. In deze context duidt het begrip ‘gedragstoornis’ alleen op een gedragspatroon dat een bepaalde naam heeft gekregen; een gedragsstoornis is dus geen oorzaak voor gedrag, maar een beschrijving ervan. Dit hoofdstuk beschrijft het ontwikkelingsverloop van agressief en regelovertredend gedrag. Bij de beschrijving van risico- en beschermende factoren komt steeds de wisselwerking tussen kind en omgeving aan bod, die kan leiden tot een vicieuze cirkel waarin gedrag van het kind de omgeving ongunstig beïnvloedt en de omgeving het gedrag van het kind ongunstig beïnvloedt. Er spelen immers niet alleen kindfactoren, maar ook invloeden uit het gezin, van leeftijdgenoten en de bredere sociale omgeving.
Bij het onderzoek naar de oorzakelijke mechanismen in de ontwikkeling van gedragsproblemen worden enkele empirisch onderzochte perspectieven beschreven, zoals de biologische en fysiologische; de leertheoretische; de informatieverwerkingsgerichte; en de maatschappelijke perspectieven. Het transactionele model biedt mogelijkheden tot integratie van deze perspectieven. In de laatste paragraaf over behandeling en preventie wordt een overzicht gegeven van bewezen effectieve interventies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Deze bijdrage is wel in twijfel getrokken op basis van verkeerde conclusies uit gedragsgenetisch onderzoek. Uit dergelijk onderzoek blijkt steevast dat de bijdrage van de zogenoemde ‘gedeelde omgeving’ van kinderen in een gezin een veel kleinere – of zelfs geen – voorspellende waarde heeft dan erfelijkheid en de zogenoemde ‘unieke omgeving’ van ieder kind. Hieruit is ten onrechte geconcludeerd dat gezinsinteracties een kleine rol zouden spelen omdat zij gedeelde omgeving zouden zijn. Het blijkt echter dat ouders zich ten opzichte van hun kinderen zeer verschillend gedragen, vooral als de kinderen verschillen in mate van probleemgedrag. Dit verschillende ouderlijk gedrag maakt dan ook deel uit van de unieke omgeving van individuele kinderen, niet van de gedeelde omgeving (Dodge & Rutter, 2011).
Literatuur
Achenbach, T.M., Rescorla, L.A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age form & profiles. An integral system of multiinformant assessment. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center of Children, Youth & Families.
Alink, L.R.A., Mesman, J., Zeijl, J. van, Stolk, M.N., Juffer, F., Koot, H.M., et al. (2006). The early childhood aggression curve: development of physical aggression in 10- to 50-month-old children. Child Development, 77(4), 954–966.
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, DSM-V. Washington, DC: APA.
Anderson, C.A., & Bushman, B.J. (2002). Human aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 27–51.
Anderson, C.A., et al. (2010). Violent Video Game Effects on Aggression, Empathy, and Prosocial Behavior in Eastern and Western Countries: A Meta-Analytic Review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 151–173.
Beauchaine, T.P. & Gatzke-Kopp, L.M. (2012). Instantiating the multiple levels of analysis perspective in a program of study on externalizing behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 1003–1018.
Beauchaine, T.P. & McNulty, T. (2013). Comorbidities and continuities as ontogenic processes: Toward a developmental spectrum model of externalizing psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 1505–1528.
Blair, R. J. R. (2013). Neurobiological basis of psychopathy. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 5.
Braet, C., Meerschaert, T., Merlevede, E., Bosmans, G., Van Leeuwen, K., De Mey, W. (2009). Prevention of antisocial behaviour: Evaluation of an early intervention programme. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 6 (2), 223–240.
Brendgen, M. (2012). Genetics and peer relations: A Review. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22, 419–437.
Crick, N.R., & Dodge, K.A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in childrens social-adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 74–101.
Dadds, M. R., El Masry, Y., Wimalaweera, S., & Guastella, A. J. (2008). Reduced eye gaze explains “fear blindness” in childhood psychopathic traits. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 455–463.
Dishion, T.J., & Dodge, K.A. (2005). Peer contagion in interventions for children and adolescents: moving towards an understanding of the ecology and dynamics of change. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(3), 395.
Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D., & Lynam, D. (2006). Aggression and antisocial behavior in youth. In W. Damon, R. M. Lerner, & N. Eisenberg (eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 3. Social, Emotional, and Personality Development (6th ed.) (pp. 719–788). New York: Wiley.
Dodge, K.A. & Rutter, M. (2011). Gene-environment interactions in developmental psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press.
Dodge, K.A. (2002). Investing in the prevention of youth violence. ISSBD Newsletter, 2, 8–10.
Dodge, K.A. (2006). Translational science in action: hostile attributional style and the development of aggressive behavior problems. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 791–814.
Dodge, K.A., Lochman, J.E., Harnish, J.D., Bates, J.E., & Pettit, G.S. (1997). Reactive and proactive aggression in school children and psychiatrically impaired chronically assaultive youth. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(1), 37–51.
Eddy, J.M., & Chamberlain, P. (2000). Family management and deviant peer association as mediators of the impact of treatment condition on youth antisocial behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 857–863.
Gottfredson, M., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Helmond, P., Overbeek, G, & Brugman, D. (2012). Program integrity and effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral intervention for incarcerated youth on cognitive distortions, social skills, and moral development. Children & Youth Services Review, 83, 333–345.
Hendrickx, M., Crombez, G., Roeyers, H., & Orobio de Castro, B. (2003). Psychometrische evaluatie van de Nederlandstalige versie van de Agressie Beoordelingsschaal van Dodge en Coie (1987). Tijdschrift voor Gedragstherapie, 36, 33–43.
Hobson, C.W., Scott, S., & Rubia, K. (2011). Investigation of cool and hot executive function in ODD/CD independently of ADHD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1–9.
Hudley, C., & Graham, S. (1993). An attributional intervention to reduce peer-directed aggression among African-American boys. Child Development, 64, 124–138.
Huesmann, L.R., Moise-Titus, J., Podolski, C.L., & Eron, L.D. (2003). Longitudinal relations between children’s exposure to tv violence and their aggressive and violent behavior in young adulthood: 1977-1992. Developmental Psychology, 39(2), 201–221.
Jaffee, S.R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Dodge, K.A., Rutter, M., Taylor, A., et al. (2005). Nature x nurture: genetic vulnerabilities interact with physical maltreatment to promote conduct problems. Development and Psychopathology, 17(1), 67.
Kazdin, A.E. (2003). Psychotherapy for children and adolescents. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 253–276.
Leeuwen, K.G. van, Mervielde, I., Braet, C., & Bosmans, G. (2004). Child personality and parental behavior as moderators of problem behavior: variable- and person-centered approaches. Developmental Psychology, 40(6), 1028–1046.
Leijten, P., Raaijmakers, M.A.J., Orobio de Castro, B., & Matthys, W. (2013). Does Socioeconomic Status Matter? A Meta-Analysis on Parent Training Effectiveness for Disruptive Child Behavior. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42(3), 384–392.
Lier, P.A.C. van, Vuijk, P., & Crijnen, A.A.M. (2005). Understanding mechanisms of change in the development of antisocial behavior: the impact of a universal intervention. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33, 521–535.
Lipsey, M.W., & Wilson, D.B. (1998). Effective intervention for serious juvenile offenders: a synthesis of research. In R. Loeber & D.P. Farrington (eds.), Serious & violent juvenile offenders: risk factors and succesful interventions. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Lochman, J.E., & Dodge, K.A. (1998). Distorted perceptions in dyadic interactions of aggressive and nonaggressive boys: effects of prior expectations, context, and boys’ age. Development and Psychopathology, 10(3), 495–512.
Loeber, R., Wung, P., Keenan, K., Giroux, B., Loeber-Stouthamer, M., Kammen, W.B. van, & Maughan, B. (1993). Developmental pathways in disruptive child behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 103–133.
Manders, W.A., Dekovic, M., Asscher, J.J., Van der Laan, P.H., & Prins, P.J.M. (2013). Psychopathy as Predictor and Moderator of Multisystemic Therapy Outcomes among Adolescents Treated for Antisocial Behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 1121–1132.
Manen, T.G. van, Prins, P.J.M., & Emmelkamp, P.M.G. (2004). Reducing aggressive behavior in boys with a social cognitive group treatment: results of a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(12), 1478–1487.
Matthys, W., Vanderschuren, L., & Schutter, D. (2012a). The neurobiology of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: Altered functioning in three mental domains. Development and Psychopathology, doi:10.1017/S0954579412000272
Matthys, W., Vanderschuren, L., & Schutter, D. (2012b). The neurobiology of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: Altered functioning in three mental domains. Development and Psychopathology, doi:10.1017/S095457941200027
McCart, M. R., Priester, P. E., Davies, W. H., & Azen, R. (2006). Differential effectiveness of behavioral parent-training and cognitive–behavioral therapy for antisocial youth: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34(4), 527–543.
Menting, A.T.A., Orobio de Castro, B., & Matthys, W. (2013). Effectiveness of the Incredible Years parent training to modify disruptive and prosocial child behavior: a Meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(8), 901–913.
Muris, P., Meesters, C., Berg, F. van den (2003). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): further evidence for its reliability and validity in a community sample of Dutch children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, 1–8.
Odgers, C.L., et al., (2009). Female and male antisocial trajectories: From childhood origins to adult outcomes. Development & Psychopathology, 20, 673–716.
Orobio de Castro, B. & Junger, M. (2007). Ethnicity and Juvenile Delinquency. In R. Loeber & N.W. Slot (Eds). Serious and violent juvenile delinquency: An update. Crime & Justice: a review of research, 35, 503–592.
Orobio de Castro, B., Merk, W., Koops, W., Veerman, J.W., & Bosch, J.D. (2005). Emotions in social information processing and their relations with reactive and proactive aggression in referred aggressive boys. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 105–116.
Orobio de Castro, B., Veerman, J.W., Koops, W., Bosch, J.D., & Monshouwer, H.J. (2002). Hostile attribution of intent and aggressive behavior: a meta-analysis. Child Development, 73(3), 916–934.
Overbeek, G., Weeland, J., & Chhangur, R. (2012). Research on gene-environment interdependence: Honing the tools and examining the angles. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 413–418.
Patterson, G.R., Reid, J.B., & Dishion, T.J. (1992). Antisocial boys. Castalia: Eugene, OR.
Polman, J.D.M., Orobio de Castro, B., Koops, W., Van Boxtel, H. W., & Merk, W. W. (2007). A meta-analysis of the distinction between reactive and proactive aggression in children and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35(4), 522–538.
Raine, A., Mellingen, K., Liu, J.H., Venables, P., & Mednick, S.A. (2003). Effects of environmental enrichment at ages 3-5 years on schizotypal personality and antisocial behavior at ages 17 and 23 years. American Journal Of Psychiatry, 160, 1627–1635.
Reid, J.B., Patterson, G.R., & Snyder, J. (2002). Antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: a developmental analysis and model for intervention. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Salmivalli, C., Voeten, M., & Poskiparta, E. (2011). Bystanders Matter: Associations Between Reinforcing, Defending, and the Frequency of Bullying Behavior in Classrooms. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 11, 668–676.
Schuiringa, H. (2014). Children with Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disabilities and Externalizing Behavior: Individual Characteristics, Family functioning and Treatment Effectiveness. Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University.
Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau (2013). De Sociale Staat van Nederland. Den Haag: SCP.
Tremblay, R.E. (2000). The development of aggressive behavior during childhood: what have we learned in the past century? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 129–141.
Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., & Barker, E.D. (2006). Subtypes of aggressive behaviors: a developmental perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30(1), 12–19.
Aanbevolen literatuur
Dodge, K.A., Coie, J.D., & Lynam, D. (2006). Aggression and antisocial behavior in youth. In W. Damon & N. Eisenberg (eds.), Handbook of child psychology, 6th edition, Social, Emotional, and Personality Development, Vol. 3. New York: Wiley.
Matthys, W. & Lochman, J.E. (2010). Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder in Childhood. Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford. ISBN 978-0-470-51088–9.
Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., & Barker, E.D. (2006). Subtypes of aggressive behaviors: a developmental perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30(1), 12–19.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2014 Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Castro, B. (2014). Agressieve en regelovertredende gedragsproblemen. In: Prins, p., Braet, p. (eds) Handboek klinische ontwikkelingspsychologie. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0495-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0495-0_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten
Print ISBN: 978-90-368-0494-3
Online ISBN: 978-90-368-0495-0
eBook Packages: Dutch language eBook collection