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Terpeni

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Farmacognosia

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Riassunto

I terpeni, o terpenoidi, sono composti presenti so-prattutto nelle piante aromatiche, cioè ricche di oli essenziali. Derivano dalla condensazione di unità isopenteniliche a 5 atomi di carbonio, strettamente correlate all’isoprene: per questo sono denominati anche isoprenoidi. Le unità isopreniche risultano legate in modo testa-coda nella struttura terpenoidica e a seconda del numero di queste unità si parla di monoterpeni (2 unità), sesquiterpeni (tre unità), diterpeni (quattro unità), triterpeni (sei unità), tetraterpeni o carotenoidi (otto unità). L’isoprene deriva dall’acetato attraverso la via dell’acido mevalonico, il quale, prima di prendere parte a reazioni biosintetiche, viene trasformato in isopentenil pirofosfato, che rappresenta l’isoprene “attivo”, cioè il nucleo di base presente nelle strutture terpeniche.

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    F. Capasso (Professore di Farmacognosia)

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Capasso, F. (2011). Terpeni. In: Capasso, F. (eds) Farmacognosia. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1652-1_14

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