Abstract
Carcinogenesis is the process that determines the evolution of cancer and it is triggered from mutations in the DNA of normal cells. The resulting alteration in the equilibrium between proliferation and programmed cell death leads to uncontrolled cell division and, therefore, tumor formation. Before the arrival of biomolecular techniques, which revealed that cancer is a pathology with genetic origins, there were various hypotheses regarding the etiology of this complex disease.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Jones E (1960) The life and works of Guilhelmus Fabricius Hildanus (1560-1634) Part I Med Hist 4(2): 112–134
Bauer KH (1928) Mutationstheorie der Geschwulst-Entstehung. Übergang von Körperzellen in Geschwulstzellen durch GenÄnderung. Springer, Berlin
Fearon ER, Vogelstein B (1990) A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 61:759–767
Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (1996) Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer. Cell 87:159–170
Hahn M, Saeger HD, Schackert HK (1999) Hereditary colorectal cancer: clinical consequences of predictive molecular testing Int J Colorectal Dis 14:184–193
Ryser HJ (1971) Chemical carcinogenesis. N Engl J Med 23 285(13):721–734
Ko TC, Evers BM (2003) Biologia molecolare e cellulare. In: Sabiston (ed) Trattato di chirurgia. Le basi biologiche della moderna pratica chirurgica, prima edizione italiana sulla sedicesima americana. Antonio Delfino Editore, Rome, pp 13–27
Knudson A (2001) Alfred Knudson and his two-hit hypothesis (Interview by Ezzie Hutchinson). Lancet Oncol 2(10):642–645
Devilee P, Cleton-Jansen AM, Cornelisse CJ (2001) Ever since Knudson. Trends Genet 17(10):569–573
Loberg RD (2007) The lethal phenotype of cancer: the molecular basis of death due to malignancy. CA Cancer J Clin 57:225–241
Radman M, Matic I, Taddei F (1999) Evolution of evolvability. Ann NY Acad Sci 870:146–155
Greaves M (2002) Cancer causation: the Darwinian downside of past success? Lancet Oncol 3:244–251
Nowell PC (1976) The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations. Science 194:23–28
Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2000) The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100:57–70
Nesse RM, Williams GC (1998) Evolution and the origins of disease. Sci Am 279:86–93
Coffey DS (2001) Similarities of prostate and breast cancer: Evolution, diet, and estrogens. Urology 57:31–38
Farinati F, Cardin R, Della Libera G et al (1994) The role of anti-oxidants in the chemoprevention of gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 3(suppl):93–97
Abastado JP (1996) Apoptosis: function and regulation of cell death. Res Immunol 147:443–456
Raff M (1998) Cell suicide for beginners. Nature 396:119–122
Wang J, Han W, Zborowska E et al (1998) Reduced expression of transforming growth factor beta type 1 receptor contributes to malignancies of human colon carcinoma cells. Science 280:1077–1082
Staton CA, Lewis CE (2005) Angiogenesis inhibitors found within the haemostasis pathway J Cell Mol Med 9:286–302
Browder T, Folkman J, Pirie-Shephered S (2000) The hemostatic system as a regulator of angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 275:1521–1524
Dardik R, Loscalzo J, Inbal A (2006) Factor XIII (FXIII) and angiogenesis. J Thromb Haemost 4:19–25
Liu CC, Shen Z, Kung HF, Lin MCM (2006) Cancer gene therapy targeting angiogenesis: an updated review. World J Gastroenterol 12(43):6941–6948
Tandle A, Blazer DG 3rd, Libutti SK (2004) Antiangiogenic gene therapy of cancer: recent developments. J Transl Med 2:22
Atkin GK, Chopada A (2006) Tumour angiogenesis: the relevance to surgeons. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 88:525–529
Cao Y (2005) Tumor angiogenesis and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 59(Suppl 2):S340–S343
Folkman J (1971) Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med 285:1182–1186
Nijziel MR (2006) From Trousseau to angiogenesis: the link between the haemostatic system and cancer. Netherlands J Med 64(11):403–410
Ellis LM, Liu W, Ahmad SA et al (2001) Overview of angiogenesis: biologic implications for antiangiogenic therapy. Semin Oncol 28(Suppl 16):94–104
Folkman J (1990) What is the evidence that tumors are angiogenesis dependent? J Natl Cancer Inst 82:4–6
Hanahan D, Folkman J (1996) Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell 86:353–364
Poon RT, Fan ST, Wong J (2003) Clinical significance of angiogenesis in gastrointestinal cancers: a target for novel prognostic and therapeutic approaches. Ann Surg 238:9–28
Rak J, Filmus J, Kerbel RS (1996) Reciprocal paracrine interactions between tumour cells and endothelial cells: the “angiogenesis progression” hypothesis. Eur J Cancer 32A:2438–2450
Nadal CP, Garcea G, Doucas H et al (2006) Molecular prognostic markers in resectable colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review. Eur J Cancer 42:1728–1743
Anisimov VN (2007) Biology of aging and cancer. Cancer Control 14(1):23–31
Brown I, Heys SD, Schofield AC (2003) From peas to “chips” — the new millennium of molecular biology: a primer for the surgeon. World J Surg Oncol 21:1–6
Dulbecco R (1986) A turning point in cancer research: sequencing the human genome. Science 231(4742): 1055–1056
Hood LE, Smith LM, Sanders JZ et al (1986) Fluorescence detection in automated DNA sequence analysis. Nature 321(6071):674–679
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (2001) Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409(6822): 860–921
The Human Genome Project (2001) In their own words. Science 291(5507): 1196
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Carlomagno, N., Duraturo, F., Rizzo, G., Cremone, C., Izzo, P., Renda, A. (2009). Carcinogenesis. In: Multiple Primary Malignancies. Updates in Surgery. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1095-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1095-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1094-9
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1095-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)