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Perché Albert Fert e Peter Grünberg hanno vinto il Premio Nobel 2007 per la fisica?

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Perché Nobel?

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La motivazione dell’assegnazione del Premio Nobel per la fisica nel 2007 a Albert Fert e Peter Grünberg è la scoperta del fenomeno della Magnetoresistenza Gigante (GMR: Giant Magneto-Resistance). Talefenomeno associa a una straordinaria rilevanza scientifica nella ricerca fondamentale un enorme impatto tecnologico. Infatti la scoperta del fenomeno délia GMR, nel 1988, rappresenta una pietra miliare nello sviluppo délia fisica dello stato solido, travalicando i confini del settore del magnetismo, dal quale provengono i due scienziati. La scoperta della GMR ha aperto la strada all’area emergente della spintronica, o elettronica di spin, che ha individuato il ruolo importantissimo dello spin dell’elettrone nelle proprietà di trasporto elettronico. Ciò ha determinato lo sviluppo di una nuova generazione di dispositivi elettronici nettamente competitivi rispetto a quelli a semiconduttore, essendo più veloci, con più basso consumo energetico e di dimensioni più piccole. Allo stesso tempo tale scoperta ha rivoluzionato la tecnologia delle informazioni introducendo, nel 1997, una nuova generazione di testine di lettura, le cosiddette testine GMR, che hanno permesso il raggiungimento di densità di immagazzinamento dati cento volte maggiori e la miniaturizzazione dei dischi rigidi dei computer.

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di Dino, F. (2009). Perché Albert Fert e Peter Grünberg hanno vinto il Premio Nobel 2007 per la fisica?. In: Perché Nobel?. I blu. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0811-3_7

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