Skip to main content

Calcareous Nannofossils

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Fundamentals of Invertebrate Palaeontology

Part of the book series: Springer Geology ((SPRINGERGEOL))

  • 1314 Accesses

Abstract

The calcareous nannofossils (nannoplankton with calcareous tests) have traditionally been defined as marine organisms that are less than 30 microns (µm) in size (Lohmann 1909) (see Fig. 1 for finer size categorization).

Modified after Young et al. (1997) and with permission from Dr. Jeremy Young (UK). See text for further explanation

Size of coccoliths. The maximum dimension (in µm; micron) of the coccosphere in plan view (length). The terms are based on the appearance in light microscope.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Black, M. (1968). Taxonomic problems in the study of coccoliths. Palaeontology, 11, 793–813.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, M. (1971). Coccoliths of the Speeton Clay and Sutterby Marl. Proceeding of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 38, 381–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, M. (1972). British Lower Cretaceous Coccoliths. I – Gault Clay (Part I). Palaeontological Society of London (Monograph), 126, 1–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B., & Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds.). (1989). Plankton Stratigraphy (p. 1032). Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boudreaux, J. E., & Hay, W. W. (1969). Calcareous nannoplankton and biostratigraphy of the Late Pliocene-Pleistocene-Recent sediments in the Submarex Cores. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 1, 249–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bown, P. R. (1987). Taxonomy, evolution, and biostratigraphy of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic calcareous nannofossils. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 38, 1–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bown, P. R. (1993). New holococcoJiths from the Toarcian-Aalenian (Jurassic) of northern Germany. Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 73, 407–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bown, P. R. (1998). Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy (p.315). British Micropalaeontological Society Publication Series: Chapman & Hall.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bown, P. R., Lees, J. A., & Young, J. R. (2004). Calcareous nannoplankton evolution and diversity through time. In H. R. Thierstein & J. R. Young (Eds.), Coccolithophore; from molecular Progress to Global Impact, 481–508. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bown, P. R., & Young, J. R. (1997). Mesozoic calcareous nannoplankton classification. Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 19, 21–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bown, P. R., Young, J. R., & Lees, J. A. (2017). On the cretaceous origin of the order syracosphaerales and the genus syracosphaera. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 36, 153–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braarud, T., Deflandre, G., Halldal, P., & Kamptner, E. (1955). Terminology, nomenclature, and systematics of the Coccolithophoridae. Micropaleontology, 1(2), 157–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bramlette, M. N., & Sullivan, F. R. (1961) Coccolithophorids and related Nannoplankton of the early Tertiary in California. Micropaleontology, 7, 129–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brasier, M. (1980). Microfossils. George Alien & Unwin (p. 193).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronnimann, P. (1955). Microfossils incertae sedis from the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Cuba. Micropaleontology, 1, 28–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bukry, D. (1969). Upper Cretaceous coccoliths from Texas and Europe. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Article 51 (Protista 2): 1–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deflandre, G. (1947). Braarudosphaera nov. gen., type d'une famille nouvelle de Coccolithophoridés actuels á éleéments composites. Comptes Rendus (Hebdomadaires des Séances) de l’ Académie des Sciences, 225, 439–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deflandre, G. (1952). Cia sse des Coccolithophoridés (Coccolithophoridae Lohmann, 1902). Traité de zoologie, 1, 439–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deflandre, G. (1959). Sur les nannofossiles calcaires et leur systematique. Revue de Micropaléontologie, 2, 127–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deflandre, G. (1963). Sur les Microrhabdulidés, famille nouvelle de nannofossiles calcaires. Comptes Rendus (Hehdomadaires des Sciences) de l’ Académie des Sciences, 256, 3484–3487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Didymus, J. M., & Young, J. R. (1994). A net for the construction of model calcite rhombohedra. Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 16(2), 79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falkowski, P. G., Schofield, O., Katz, M. E., Van de Schootenbruggem, B., & Knoll, A. H. (2004b). Why is land green and the ocean red? In H. R. Thierstein & J. R. Young (Eds.), Coccolithophores: from molecular processes to global impact (pp. 429–453). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Farhan, A. J., Burnett, J. A., Bown, P. R., & Lord, A. R. (1994). Holococcoliths from the Upper Cretaceous of Alabama and Mississippi (U.S.A.). Cahiers de Micropalionlologie, 9, 57–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forchheimer, S. (1972). Scanning electron microscope studies of Cretaceous coccoliths from the Köpingsberg Borehole No.1, SE Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Serie., C, #668, 65, 1–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardin, S., Krystyn, L., Richoz, S., Bartolini, A., & Galbrun, B. (2012). Where and when the earliest coccolithophores? Lethaia. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00311.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., & Ogg, G. M. (2012). The Geologic Time Scale, 2, 801–853.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halldal, P., & Markali, J., (1955). Electron microscope studies on coccolithophorids from the Norwegian Sea, the Gulf Stream and the Mediterranean. Avhandlinger utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo. Mat. Naturvid. Klasse, 1, 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, W. W. (1977). Calcareous nannofossils. In: A. T. S. Ramsay (Ed.), Oceanic Micropalaeontology (pp. 1055–1200). London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, W. W., & Mohler, H. P. (1967) Calcareous nannoplankton from early Tertiary rocks at Pont Labau, France, and Paleocene Eocene correlations. Journal of Palaeotology, 41, 1505–1541.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, R. W., Kleijne, A., Heimdal, B. R., & Green, J. C., (1995). A glossary of the extant Haptophyta of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 75, 769–814.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamptner, E. (1927). Beitrag zur Kenntnis adriatischer Coccolithophoriden. Archiv für Protistenkunde, 58, 173–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamptner, E. (1954). Untersuchungen uber den Feinbau der Coccolithen. Archiv fur Protistenkunde, 100, 1–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klaveness, D. (1973). The microanatomy of Calyptrosphaera sphaernidea with some supplementary observations on the motile stage of Coccolithus pelagicus. Norwegian Journal of Botany, 20, 151–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleijne, A. (1991). Holococcolithophorids from the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology, 17, 1–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lemmermann, E. (1908). Flagellatae, Chlorophyceae, Coccosphaerales und Silicoflagellatae in Nordische., Plankton. Botanischer Teil. In K. Brandt & C. Apstein (Eds.), Lipsius and Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, pp. 1–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohman, H., (1909). Die Gehause und Gallertblasen der Appendicularien und ihre Bedeutung fur die Erforschung des Lebens in Meer. Verhandlungen Deutsche Zoologische Geselleschaft, 19, 200–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manton, J., & Leeda!e, G. F. (1969). Observations on the microanatomy of Coccolithus pelagicus and Cricosphaera carterae with special reference to the origin and nature of coccoliths and scales. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 49, 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, R. E. (1965). Living cells of Ceratolithus cristatus (Coccolithophorineae). Archiv für Proristenkunde, 108, 19–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, R. E. (1985). Indian Ocean nannoplanklon II. Holococcolithophorids (Calyptrosphaeraceae, Prymnesiophyceae) with a review of extant genera. Journal of Phycology, 21, 619–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okada, H., & McIntyre, A. (1977). Modern coccolilhophores of the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Micropaleontology, 2, 155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parke, M., & Adams, I. (1960). The motile (Crystallithus hyalinus Gaarder and Markali) and non-motile phases in the life history of Coccolithus pelagicus (Wallich) Schiller. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 39, 263–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perch-Nielsen, K. (1985a). Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils. In H. M. Bolli, J. B. Saunders, K. Perch-Nielsen (Eds.), Plankton Stratigraphy (pp. 329–426). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Perch-Nielsen, K. (1985b). Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils. In H. M. Bolli, J. B. Saunders, K. Perch-Nielsen (Eds.), Plankton stratigraphy (pp. 427–554). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Perch-Nielsen, K. (1986). Geologic events and the distribution of calcareous nannofossils—some speculations. Bull Cent Rech Elf E, 10, 421–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pienaar, R. N. (1994). Ultrastructure and calcification of coccolithophores. In: A. Winter, & W. G. Siesser (Eds.), Coccolithophores (pp. 13–39). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poche, F. (1913). Das System der Protozoa. Archiv für Protistenkunde, 30, 125–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinhardt, P. (1965). Neue Familien für fossile Kalkflagellalen (Coccolithophoriden, Coccolithineen). Monatsberichte der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften za Berlin, 7, 30–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Risatti, J. B. (1973). Nannoplankton biostratigraphy of the Upper Bluffport Marl-Lower Prairie Bluff Chalk interval (upper Cretaceous) in Mississippi. In L. A. Smith & J. Hardenbol (Eds.), In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Calcareous Nannofossils. Gulf Coast Section, SEPM (pp. 8–57).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rood, A. P., Hay, W. W., & Barnard, T. (1973). Electron microscope studies of Lower and Middle Jurassic coccoliths. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 66(2), 365–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, P. H. (1973). Calcareous nannofossils-Leg 17, Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports of the DSDP, 17, 695–795.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, P. H., & Thierstein, H. (1972). Calcareous nannoplankton: Leg 14 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. initial Reports of the DSDP, 14, 421–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowson, J. D., Leadbeater, B. S. C. & Green, J. C. (1986). Calcium carbonate deposition in the motile (Crystallithus) phase of Coccolithus pelagicus (Prymnesiophyceae). British Phycological Journal, 21, 359–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiller, J. (1913). Vorläufige Ergebnisse der Phytoplankton–Untersuchungen auf den Fahrten S.M.S. Najade in der Adria 1911/12. I. Die Coccolitophoriden. Sitzungberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch–Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 122(1), 597–617.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiller, J. (1930). Coccolithineae, in Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland. Osterreich und der Schweiz. 10. Band, 2 Aht. In: L. Rabenhorst (Ed.), Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (pp. 89–267). Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siesser, W. G. (1993). Calcareous nannoplankton. in: J. H. Lipps (Ed.), Fossil Prokaryotes and Protists (pp. 169–201). Blackwell Scientific Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, S. H. (1927). Over de samenstelling en het onstaan van krijt en mergelgesteenten van de Molukken. Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch-lndie, 55, 111–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tappan, H. (1980). Haptophyta, coccolithophores, and other calcareous nannoplankton. In: H. Tappan (Ed.), The Paleobiology of plant protists (pp. 678–803). W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thierstein, H. R. (1973). Lower Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy. Ahlwndlunllen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 29, 1–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallich, G. C. (1877). Observations on the coccosphere. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19, 342–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. R., & Bown, P. R. (2014). Some emendments to calcareous nannoplankton taxonomy. Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 33, 139–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. R., Geisen, M., Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Probert, I., & Ostergaard, J. B. (2003). A guide to extant coccolithophore taxonomy. Journal of Nannoplankton Research, Special Issue, 1, 1–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. R., Bergen, J. A., Bown, P. R., Burnett, J. A., Fiorentino, A., Jordan, R. W., et al. (1997). Guidelines for coccolith and calcareous nannofossil terminology. Palaeontology, 40, 875–912.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. R., & Bown, P. R. (1997). Cenozoic calcareous nannoplankton classification. Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 19, 36–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. R., Bown P. R., Burnett, J. A. (1994). The haptophytes: palaeontological perspectives. In J. C. Green, B. S. C. Leadbeater (Eds.), The Haptophyte Algae (Vol. 51, pp. 379–392). The Systematics Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. R., Didymus, J. M., Bown, P. R., Prins, B., & Mann, S. (1992). Crystal assembly and phylogenetic evolution in heterococcoliths. Nature, 356, 516–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. R., & Westbroek, P. (1991). Genotypic variation in the coccolithophorid species Emiliania huxleyi. Marine Micropaleontology, 18, 5–23.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sreepat Jain .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature India Private Limited

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Jain, S. (2020). Calcareous Nannofossils. In: Fundamentals of Invertebrate Palaeontology. Springer Geology. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3962-8_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics