Skip to main content

Opportunity Recognition/Identification

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Process of Social Value Creation

Part of the book series: Contributions to Economics ((CE))

  • 1405 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter looks into opportunity identification/recognition in the process of social value creation. Opportunity recognition emerged as a process rather than a one-time action, which in turn involved a series of actions. Considering the fact that the contextual factors play an important role in the process of social value creation, this chapter explores the values and beliefs of the social entrepreneurs, and their different contextual backgrounds. Then, it explores the influence of these contextual differences on identifying/recognising opportunities by social entrepreneurs. The cases showed that social entrepreneurs identified opportunities in different ways, yet many similar patterns emerged out of the cross-case analysis. Based on the findings, two propositions have been developed, and finally, opportunity recognition in social entrepreneurship has been presented in a figure. The study showed that social entrepreneurs pursued opportunities to achieve their social mission, that is, to solve social problems and create social value. The cases showed that opportunity recognition/identification and exploitation involved a series of actions. Hence, it emerged as a process rather than a one-time action. Considering the fact that the contextual factors play a very important role in the process of social value creation, this chapter focuses on the values and beliefs of social entrepreneurs, the different contextual backgrounds (their family and social backgrounds, relationships, educational and professional backgrounds, work experiences and past experiences). Then, it explores the influence of these contextual differences on identifying/recognising opportunities by social entrepreneurs. The cases showed that social entrepreneurs identified opportunities in different ways, yet many similar patterns emerged out of cross-case analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Here, ‘social value’ is used in the context of the founders’ inculcated values towards society, not in the context of value creation for the beneficiaries.

  2. 2.

    Bihar is one of the poorest and backward states of India. A large number of people of Bihar (Biharis) migrate to other states in search of livelihood. A large majority of these Bihari migrants are illiterate and employed in other states for performing unskilled tasks labourers, such as rickshaw pulling. Indians, in general, do not treat the natives of Bihar with respect and often abuse them.

References

  • Alter SK (2006) Social enterprise models and their mission and money relationships. In: Nicholls A (ed) Social entrepreneurship: new models of sustainable change. Oxford, New York, pp 205–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez S, Barney JB (2007) Discovery and creation: alternative theories of entrepreneurial action. Strat Entrep J 1(1):11–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez SA, Barney JB, Young SL (2010) Debates in entrepreneurship: opportunity formation and implications for the field of entrepreneurship. In: Acs ZJ, Audretsch DB (eds) Handbook of entrepreneurship research: international handbook series on entrepreneurship 5. Springer, LLC, pp 23–45. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9_2

  • Austin JA, Stevenson H, Wei-Skillern J (2006) Social and commercial entrepreneurship: same, different, or both? Entrep Theory Pract 30(1):1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura A (1986) Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Prentice Hall, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker G (1993) Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Cope J (2005) Toward a dynamic learning perspective of entrepreneurship. Entrep Theory Pract 29:373–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbett AC (2005) Experiential learning with the process of opportunity identification and exploitation. Entrep Theory Pract 29:473–491

    Google Scholar 

  • Corner PD, Ho M (2010) How opportunities develop in social entrepreneurship. Entrep Theory Pract 34(4):635–659

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidsson P, Honig B (2003) The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. J Bus Ventur 18:301–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Dees JG (1998) The meaning of social entrepreneurship. http://www.fntc.info/files/documents/The%20meaning%20of%20Social%20Entreneurship.pdf. Accessed 20 Oct 2008

  • Dees JG (2007) Taking social entrepreneurship seriously. Society 44(3):24–31

    Google Scholar 

  • DeTienne DR, Chandler GN (2007) The role of gender in opportunity identification. Entrep Theory Pract 31(3):365–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Dew N, Sarasvathy SD (2007) Innovations, stakeholders and entrepreneurship. J Bus Ethics 74(3):267–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimov D (2007) From opportunity insight to opportunity intention: the importance of person-situation learning match. Entrep Theory Pract 31(4):561–583. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00188.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimov D, Shepard D (2005) Human capital theory and venture capital firms: exploring “home runs” and “strike outs”. J Bus Ventur 20:1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorado S (2006) Social entrepreneurial ventures: different values so different process of creation, no? J Dev Entrep 11(4):319–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Elkington J, Hartigan P (2008) The power of unreasonable people: how social entrepreneurs create markets that change the world. Harvard Business Press, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer SM, Yao X, Kung-Mcintyre K (2011) The behavioural impact of entrepreneur identity, aspiration and prior entrepreneurial experience. Entrep Theory Pract 35(2):245–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartner WB (1988) “Who is an entrepreneur?” is the wrong question. Entrep Theory Pract 13(4):47–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens A (1979) Central problems in social theory. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens A (1984) The constitution of society. Polity Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill TL, Kothari TH, Shea M (2010) Patterns of meaning in the social entrepreneurship literature: a research platform. J Social Entrep 1(1):5–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockerts K (2006) Entrepreneurial opportunity in social purpose ventures. In: Mair J, Robinson J, Hockerts K (eds) Handbook of research in social entrepreneurship. Palgrave, London, pp 142–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones R, Latham J, Betta M (2008) Narrative construction of the social entrepreneurial identity. Int J Entrep Behav Res 14(5):330–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirzner IM (1997) Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: an Austrian approach. J Econ Lit 35(1):60–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistruck GM, Beamish PW (2010) The interplay of form, structure, and embeddedness in social intrapreneurship. Entrep Theory Pract 735–761. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00371.x

  • Kwon S-W, Arenius P (2010) Nations of entrepreneurs: a social capital perspective. J Bus Ventur 25:315–330. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.10.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehner OM, Kansikas J (2012) Opportunity recognition in social entrepreneurship: a thematic meta analysis. J Entrep 21(1):25–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin N (2001) Social capital: a theory of social structure and action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Madsen H, Neergaard H, Ulhøi JP (2003) Knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship and human capital. J Small Bus Enterp Dev 10(4):426–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire S, Hardy C, Lawrence TB (2004) Institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada. Acad Manag J 47:657–680

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair J, Marti I (2006) Social entrepreneurship research: a source of explanation, prediction and delight. J World Bus 41:36–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Meek WR, Pacheco DF, York JF (2010) The impact of social norms on entrepreneurial action: evidence from the environmental entrepreneurship context. J Bus Ventur 25:493–509

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris MH, Kuratko DF, Schindehutte M et al (2012) Framing the entrepreneurial experience. Entrep Theory Pract 36(1):11–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Mort GS, Weerawardena J, Carnegie K (2003) Social entrepreneurship: towards conceptualisation. Int J Nonprofit Volunt Sector Mark 8(1):76–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Neck H, Brush C, Allen E (2008) The landscape of social entrepreneurship. Bus Horiz 52:13–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls A, Cho AH (2006) Social entrepreneurship: the structuration of a field. In: Nicholls A (ed) Social entrepreneurship: new models of sustainable change. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 99–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Patzelt H, Shepherd DA (2010) Recognizing opportunities for sustainable development. Entrep Theory Pract 631–652. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00386.x

  • Peredo A, McLean M (2006) Social entrepreneurship: a critical review of the concept. J World Bus 41:56–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramos-Rodríguez AR, Ramos-Rodríguez JA, Lorenzo-Gómez JD et al (2010) What you know or who you know? The role of intellectual and social capital in opportunity recognition. Int Small Bus J 28(6):566–582

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts E (1991) Entrepreneurs in high technology: lessons from MIT and beyond. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarason Y, Dean T, Dillard JF (2006) Entrepreneurship as the nexus of individual and opportunity: a structuration view. J Bus Ventur 21:286–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarasvathy SD (2001) Causation and effectuation: toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Acad Manag Rev 26(2):243–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Seelos C, Mair J (2005) Sustainable development: how social entrepreneurs make it happen. Working Paper No. 611, IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Spain. http://www.iese.edu/research/pdfs/DI-0611-E.pdf. Accessed 19 July 2011

  • Sengupta A (2009) Social capital and business venture: entrepreneurship in the ICT industry. A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in social sciences, Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai

    Google Scholar 

  • Shane S (2000) Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organ Sci 11(4):448–469

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith ML (2006) Social capital and intentional change: exploring the role of social networks on individual change efforts. J Manag Dev 25(7):718–731

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson J (2002) The world of the social entrepreneur. Int J Public Sector Manag 15(5):412–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Urbano D, Toledano N, Soriano DR (2010) Analysing social entrepreneurship from an institutional perspective: evidence from Spain. J Social Entrep 1(1):54–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkatarman S (1997) The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research: an editor’s perspective. In: Katz J, Brockhaus R (eds) Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence, and growth. CT, JAI Press, Greenwich, pp 119–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Weerawardena J, Mort G (2006) Investigating social entrepreneurship: a multi-dimensional model. J World Bus 41:21–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Welter F (2011) Contextualizing entrepreneurship-conceptual challenges and ways forward. Entrep Theory Pract 35(1):165–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Westhead P, Ucbasaran D, Wright M (2009) Information search and opportunity identification: the importance of prior business ownership experience. Int Small Bus J 27(6):659–680

    Google Scholar 

  • Yiu DW, Wan WP, Ng FW et al (2014) Sentimental drivers of social entrepreneurship: a study of China’s Guangcai (Glorious) Program. Manag Organ Rev 10(1):55–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahra SA (2008) The virtuous cycle of discovery and creation of entrepreneurial opportunities. Strat Entrep J 2:243–257

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Archana Singh .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer India

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Singh, A. (2016). Opportunity Recognition/Identification. In: The Process of Social Value Creation. Contributions to Economics. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2827-1_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics