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Melatonin, Sleep, Circadian Rhythm, and Mood Disorders

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Melatonin, Neuroprotective Agents and Antidepressant Therapy

Abstract

Sleep disturbances and disruptions of circadian rhythms are underlying factors in most mood disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and their seasonal pattern or seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Decreases in sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and sleep quality have all been documented in MDD. In addition to this, depressed patients of all these three categories (MDD, BD, SAD) exhibit profound disturbances in circadian rhythms including the sleep-wake rhythm. Circadian clock dysregulation has been suggested to be due to abnormal circadian rhythmicity of gene expression. In particular, CRY1 and CRY2 polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with MDD. Similarly, variations in CRY2, PER2, ARNTL, and NPAS2 are associated with SAD. An antidepressant that benefits sleep quality and resynchronizes disrupted circadian rhythms will be most useful in treating mood disorders. In this context, the newly introduced melatonergic antidepressant agomelatine with MT1 and MT2 agonistic properties with 5-HT2C antagonism has been documented to be beneficial, as it improves sleep, resynchronizes the disrupted circadian rhythms, and elevates mood. This drug also manifests with fewer adverse effects and is emerging as an effective antidepressant.

† Author was deceased at the time of publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sri Sathya Sai Medical Educational and Research Foundation, International Medical Sciences Research Study Center “Prasanthi Nilayam”, 40 Kovai Thirunagar, Goldwins, Kovai Coimbatore, 641014, Tamil Nadu, India

    Venkataramanujam Srinivasan PhD, MAMS

  2. NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “G. Mazzini”, ASL 4, Teramo, Italy

    Domenico de Berardis

  3. Department of Neurosciences and Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy

    Domenico de Berardis

  4. Department of Education Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Michele Fornaro

  5. Polyedra Clinical Group, Teramo, Italy

    Michele Fornaro

  6. Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

    Francisco López-Muñoz

  7. Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain

    Francisco López-Muñoz

  8. Portucalense Institute of Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Neurosciences, Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal

    Francisco López-Muñoz

  9. Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

    Timo Partonen

  10. Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Rahimah Zakaria

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  1. Venkataramanujam Srinivasan PhD, MAMS
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  2. Domenico de Berardis
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  3. Michele Fornaro
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  4. Francisco López-Muñoz
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  5. Timo Partonen
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  6. Rahimah Zakaria
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Correspondence to Francisco López-Muñoz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Vice-Rectorate for Research and Sci, Camilo José Cela University Vice-Rectorate for Research and Sci, Madrid, Spain

    Francisco López-Muñoz

  2. International Medical Sciences Research Study Center, Sri Sathya Sai Medical Educational & Research Foundation, Coimbatore, India

    Venkataramanujam Srinivasan

  3. Department of Neurosciences and Ima, University of Chieti Department of Neurosciences and Ima, Italy, Italy

    Domenico de Berardis

  4. Department of Biomedical Sciences (Pharmacology Area), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain

    Cecilio Álamo

  5. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Takahiro A. Kato

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Srinivasan, V., de Berardis, D., Fornaro, M., López-Muñoz, F., Partonen, T., Zakaria, R. (2016). Melatonin, Sleep, Circadian Rhythm, and Mood Disorders. In: López-Muñoz, F., Srinivasan, V., de Berardis, D., Álamo, C., Kato, T. (eds) Melatonin, Neuroprotective Agents and Antidepressant Therapy. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2803-5_9

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