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Fungal Quorum Sensing Inhibitors

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Book cover Quorum Sensing vs Quorum Quenching: A Battle with No End in Sight

Abstract

Adaptation to various ecosystems is important to all microbes for growth and survival. Pathogenic microbes, especially bacteria, have developed mechanisms of synchronised expression of virulence genes with increasing population density through quorum sensing, enabling their survival in various host organisms. Due to its direct significance to humans, quorum sensing has been studied in great detail in pathogens and has significantly contributed to our understanding of microbe-host interactions. During the course of evolution, fungi have developed ways to control competing bacterial populations that co-existed. One way they achieved this is by hampering the quorum-sensing signalling amongst bacteria. Several fungal quorum sensors, metabolites, mycotoxins and enzymes secreted or produced by fungi for their communication or in response to environment are known to act as quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs). Farnesol, farnesoic acid isolated from Candida albicans have shown inter-species and inter-kingdom inhibition to quorum-sensing signalling. Metabolites, such as patulin and penicillic acid have shown QSI activity against bacteria. Enzymes from Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Penicillium species, such as cellulases, proteases and amylases can be used to degrade bacterial biofilms. QSIs typically utilise three different strategies: (1) inhibiting the production of quorum-sensing molecules; (2) degrading the signalling molecules; and/or (3) blocking the receptors for signalling molecules. Fungal QSIs have been successfully tested under laboratory conditions to inhibit bacteria from forming biofilms on medical equipment and reduce spoilage of processed food products. They are also a promising agent to counter increasing antibiotic-resistance amongst bacteria. Apart from agriculture and waste water treatment, fungal QSIs have potential importance for pharmaceutical and food industries as antibiotic supplement and food preservatives, respectively. This chapter discusses these aspects in fungi with a view to emphasise the need for discovering and developing novel quorum-sensing inhibitors and their potential application in industries.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) for funding the Microbial Culture Collection (MCC) wide grant letter no. BT/PR10054/NDB/52/94/2007.

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  1. Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India

    Rohit Sharma & Kamlesh Jangid

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  2. Kamlesh Jangid
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Correspondence to Kamlesh Jangid .

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  1. CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, Delhi, India

    Vipin Chandra Kalia

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Sharma, R., Jangid, K. (2015). Fungal Quorum Sensing Inhibitors. In: Kalia, V. (eds) Quorum Sensing vs Quorum Quenching: A Battle with No End in Sight. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1982-8_20

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