Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular Brain Imaging of Personality Traits in Nonhuman Primates: A Study of the Common Marmoset

  • Chapter
From Genes to Animal Behavior

Part of the book series: Primatology Monographs ((PrimMono))

Abstract

In vivo noninvasive brain imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) using positron-labeled tracers that bind to target molecules enables quantitative brain mapping of molecules across species, including humans. We established a PET imaging method for conscious common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), a small primate species noted for its high social tolerance and cooperative sociality. We used this method to examine the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems of the common marmoset brain. In particular, we examined the relation between factorial scores of behavioral personality traits and binding potentials of serotonin and dopamine transporters, which regulate rates of neurotransmission, using radioligands such as [11C]DASB and [11C]PE2I, respectively. We found specific neurochemical and neuroanatomical associations with personality traits of individual common marmosets that mirror those in humans. These results demonstrate that molecular brain imaging combined with quantitative behavioral analysis can provide valuable information for understanding the neural bases of personality in nonhuman primates and, potentially, humans. Studies of this type can also be useful in highlighting how genes and the environment influence personality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbott DH, Barnett DK, Colman RJ, Yamamoto ME, Schultz-Darken NJ (2003) Overview: aspects of common marmoset basic biology and life history important for biomedical research. Comp Med 53:339–350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ, Kriplani A, Logan J, Tomasi D, Williams B, Telang F, Shumay E, Biegon A, Craig IW, Henn F, Wang G-J, Volkow ND, Fowler JS (2008) Brain monoamine oxidase A activity predicts trait aggression. J Neurosci 28:5099–5104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bachevalier J, Malkova L, Mishkin M (2001) Effects of selective neonatal temporal lobe lesions on socioemotional behavior in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Behav Neurosci 115:545–559

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barr CS, Newman TK, Becker ML, Parker CC, Champoux M, Lesch KP, Goldman D, Suomi SJ, Higley JD (2003) The utility of the non-human primate; model for studying gene by environment interactions in behavioral research. Genes Brain Behav 2:336–340

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin J, Li L, Patterson C, Greenberg BD, Murphy DL, Hamer DH (1996) Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of novelty seeking. Nat Genet 12:81–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin J, Osher Y, Kotler M, Gritsenko I, Nemanov L, Belmaker RH, Ebstein RP (2000) Association between tridimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ) traits and three functional polymorphisms: dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4), serotonin transporter promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT). Mol Psychiatry 5:96–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett AJ, Heils A, Long JC, Lorenz JG, Shoaf SE, Champoux M, Suomi SJ, Linnoila MV, Higley JD (2002) Early experience and serotonin transporter gene variation interact to influence primate CNS function. Mol Psychiatry 7:118–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bohnen NI, Frey KA (2003) The role of positron emission tomography imaging in movement disorders. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 13:791–803

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Breier A, Kestler L, Adler C, Elman I, Wiesenfeld N, Malhotra A, Pickar D (1998) Dopamine D2 receptor density and personal detachment in healthy subjects. Am J Psychiatry 155:1440–1442

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burkart JM, Fehr E, Efferson C, van Schaik CP (2007) Other-regarding preferences in a non-human primate: common marmosets provision food altruistically. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:19762–19766

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell CA, Whiten A (2004) Testing for social learning and imitation in common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, using an artificial fruit. Anim Cogn 7:77–85

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon DM, Ichise M, Fromm SJ, Nugent AC, Rollis D, Gandhi SK, Klaver JM, Charney DS, Manji HK, Drevets WC (2006) Serotonin transporter binding in bipolar disorder assessed using [11C]DASB and positron emission tomography. Biol Psychiatry 60:207–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caspi A, McClay J, Moffitt TE, Mill J, Martin J, Craig IW, Taylor A, Poulton R (2002) Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 297:851–854

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, McClay J, Mill J, Martin J, Braithwaite A, Poulton R (2003) Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301:386–389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cilia J, Piper DC (1997) Marmoset conspecific confrontation: an ethologically-based model of anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 58:85–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coccaro EF (1992) Impulsive aggression and central serotonergic system function in humans: an example of a dimensional brain-behavior relationship. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 7:3–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ (1997) Fluoxetine and impulsive aggressive behavior in personality-disordered subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:1081–1088

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ, Cooper TB, Hauger RL (1997) Central serotonin activity and aggression: inverse relationship with prolactin response to d-fenfluramine, but not CSF 5-HIAA concentration, in human subjects. Am J Psychiatry 154:1430–1435

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook EHJ, Stein MA, Krasowski MD, Cox NJ, Olkon DM, Kieffer JE, Leventhal BL (1995) Association of attention-deficit disorder and the dopamine transporter gene. Am J Hum Genet 56:993–998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Depue RA, Collins PF (1999) Neurobiology of the structure of personality: dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behav Brain Sci 22:491–517

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutton DM (2008) Subjective assessment of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) personality: reliability and stability of trait ratings. Primates 49:253–259

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ebstein RP (2006) The molecular genetic architecture of human personality: beyond self-report questionnaires. Mol Psychiatry 11:427–445

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebstein RP, Novick O, Umansky R, Priel B, Osher Y, Blaine D, Bennett ER, Nemanov L, Katz M, Belmaker RH (1996) Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of novelty seeking. Nat Genet 12:78–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebstein RP, Segman R, Benjamin J, Osher Y, Nemanov L, Belmaker RH (1997) 5-HT2C (HTR2C) serotonin receptor gene polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of reward dependence: interaction with dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) and dopamine D3 receptor (D3DR) polymorphisms. Am J Med Genet 74:65–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eslamboli A (2005) Marmoset monkey models of Parkinson’s disease: which model, when and why? Brain Res Bull 68:140–149

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fairbanks LA, Melega WP, Jorgensen MJ, Kaplan JR, McGuire MT (2001) Social impulsivity inversely associated with CSF 5-HIAA and fluoxetine exposure in vervet monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology 24:370–378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson JN, Young LJ, Insel TR (2002) The neuroendocrine basis of social recognition. Front Neuroendocrinol 23:200–224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler JS, Alia-Klein N, Kriplani A, Logan J, Williams B, Zhu W, Craig IW, Telang F, Goldstein R, Volkow ND, Vaska P, Wang GJ (2007) Evidence that brain MAO A activity does not correspond to MAO A genotype in healthy male subjects. Biol Psychiatry 62:355–358

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerber P, Schnell CR (2004) Behavioral and cardiophysiological responses of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to confrontations with opposite-sexed strangers. Primates 45:187–196

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gold KC, Maple TL (1994) Personality assessment in the gorilla and its utility as a management tool. Zoo Biol 13:509–522

    Google Scholar 

  • Gosling SD (2001) From mice to men: what can we learn about personality from animal research? Psychol Bull 127:45–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gosling SD, John OP (1999) Personality dimension in Nonhuman Animals: a cross-species review. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 8:69–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadland KA, Rushworth MFS, Gaffan D, Passingham RE (2003) The effect of cingulate lesions on social behaviour and emotion. Neuropsychologia 41:919–931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halldin C, Erixon-Lindroth N, Pauli S, Chou YH, Okubo Y, Karlsson P, Lundkvist C, Olsson H, Guilloteau D, Emond P, Farde L (2003) [(11)C]PE2I: a highly selective radioligand for PET examination of the dopamine transporter in monkey and human brain. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30:1220–1230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinz A, Jones DW, Gorey JG, Bennet A, Suomi SJ, Weinberger DR, Higley JD (2003) Serotonin transporter availability correlates with alcohol intake in non-human primates. Mol Psychiatry 8:231–234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirvonen J, Johansson J, Teras M, Oikonen V, Lumme V, Virsu P, Roivainen A, Nagren K, Halldin C, Farde L, Hietala J (2008) Measurement of striatal and extrastriatal dopamine transporter binding with high-resolution PET and [11C PE2I: quantitative modeling and test.retest reproducibility. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab: 1-11

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirvonen MM, Lumme V, Hirvonen J, Pesonen U, Nagren K, Vahlberg T, Scheinin H, Hietala J (2009) C957T polymorphism of the human dopamine D2 receptor gene predicts extrastriatal dopamine receptor availability in vivo. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 33:630–636

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hornung JP, Celio MR (1992) The selective innervation by serotoninergic axons of calbindin-containing interneurons in the neocortex and hippocampus of the marmoset. J Comp Neurol 320:457–467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hornung JP, Fritschy JM (1988) Serotoninergic system in the brainstem of the marmoset: a combined immunocytochemical and three-dimensional reconstruction study. J Comp Neurol 270:471–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hornung JP, Fritschy JM, Tork I (1990) Distribution of two morphologically distinct subsets of serotoninergic axons in the cerebral cortex of the marmoset. J Comp Neurol 297:165–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell LL, Wilcox KM (2002) Functional imaging and neurochemical correlates of stimulant self-administration in primates. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 163:352–361

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell S, Westergaard G, Hoos B, Chavanne TJ, Shoaf SE, Cleveland A, Snoy PJ, Suomi SJ, Higley JD (2007) Serotonergic influences on life-history outcomes in free-ranging male rhesus macaques. Am J Primatol 69:851–865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hume SP, Gunn RN, Jones T (1998) Pharmacological constraints associated with positron emission tomographic scanning of small laboratory animals. Eur J Nucl Med 25:173–176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ichise M, Liow JS, Lu JQ, Takano A, Model K, Toyama H, Suhara T, Suzuki K, Innis RB, Carson RE (2003) Linearized reference tissue parametric imaging methods: application to [11C]DASB positron emission tomography studies of the serotonin transporter in human brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 23:1096–1112

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ichise M, Vines DC, Gura T, Anderson GM, Suomi SJ, Higley JD, Innis RB (2006) Effects of early life stress on [11C]DASB positron emission tomography imaging of serotonin transporters in adolescent peer- and mother-reared rhesus monkeys. J Neurosci 26:4638–4643

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson EG, Nothen MM, Grunhage F, Farde L, Nakashima Y, Propping P, Sedvall GC (1999) Polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor gene and their relationships to striatal dopamine receptor density of healthy volunteers. Mol Psychiatry 4:290–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalbitzer J, Frokjaer VG, Erritzoe D, Svarer C, Cumming P, Nielsen FA, Hashemi SH, Baare WF, Madsen J, Hasselbalch SG, Kringelbach ML, Mortensen EL, Knudsen GM (2009) The personality trait openness is related to cerebral 5-HTT levels. Neuroimage 45:280–285

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan JR, Manuck SB, Fontenot MB, Mann JJ (2002) Central nervous system monoamine correlates of social dominance in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Neuropsychopharmacology 26:431–443

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasper C, Voelkl B, Huber L (2008) Tolerated mouth-to-mouth food transfers in common marmosets. Primates 49:153–156

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JS, Ichise M, Sangare J, Innis RB (2006) PET imaging of serotonin transporters with [11C]DASB: test–retest reproducibility using a multilinear reference tissue parametric imaging method. J Nucl Med 47:208–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim-Cohen J, Caspi A, Taylor A, Williams B, Newcombe R, Craig IW, Moffitt TE (2006) MAOA, maltreatment, and gene–environment interaction predicting children’s mental health: new evidence and a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 11:903–913

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King JE, Figueredo AJ (1997) The five-factor model plus dominance in chimpanzee personality. J Res Pers 31:257–271

    Google Scholar 

  • King JE, Weiss A, Farmer KH (2005) A chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) analogue of cross-national generalization of personality structure: zoological parks and an African sanctuary. J Pers 73:389–410

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King JE, Weiss A, Sisco MM (2008) Aping humans: age and sex effects in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and human (Homo sapiens) personality. J Comp Psychol 122:418–427

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kinnally EL, Jensen HA, Ewing JH, French JA (2006) Serotonin function is associated with behavioral response to a novel conspecific in marmosets. Am J Primatol 68:812–824

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kluger AN, Siegfried Z, Ebstein RP (2002) A meta-analysis of the association between DRD4 polymorphism and novelty seeking. Mol Psychiatry 7:712–717

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laakso A, Vilkman H, Kajander J, Bergman J, Haaparanta M, Solin O, Hietala J (2000) Prediction of detached personality in healthy subjects by low dopamine transporter binding. Am J Psychiatry 157:290–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laakso A, Wallius E, Kajander J, Bergman J, Eskola O, Solin O, Ilonen T, Salokangas RKR, Syvalahti E, Hietala J (2003) Personality traits and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in healthy subjects. Am J Psychiatry 160:904–910

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Le Couteur DG, Leighton PW, McCann SJ, Pond S (1997) Association of a polymorphism in the dopamine-transporter gene with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 12:760–763

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lesch KP, Bengel D, Heils A, Sabol SZ, Greenberg BD, Petri S, Benjamin J, Muller CR, Hamer DH, Murphy DL (1996) Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science 274:1527–1531

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Logan J, Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wang G-J, Ding Y-S, Alexoff DL (1996) Distribution volume ratios without blood sampling from graphical analysis of PET data. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16:834–840

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manuck SB, Flory JD, Ferrell RE, Muldoon MF (2004) Socio-economic status covaries with central nervous system serotonergic responsivity as a function of allelic variation in the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29:651–668

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCrae RR, Costa PTJ (1997) Personality trait structure as a human universal. Am Psychol 52:509–516

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehlman PT, Higley JD, Faucher I, Lilly AA, Taub DM, Vickers J, Suomi SJ, Linnoila M (1994) Low CSF 5-HIAA concentrations and severe aggression and impaired impulse control in nonhuman primates. Am J Psychiatry 151:1485–1491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller JM, Kinnally EL, Ogden RT, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ, Parsey RV (2009) Reported childhood abuse is associated with low serotonin transporter binding in vivo in major depressive disorder. Synapse 63:565–573

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moresco FM, Dieci M, Vita A, Messa C, Gobbo C, Galli L, Rizzo G, Panzacchi A, De Peri L, Invernizzi G, Fazio F (2002) In Vivo serotonin 5HT2A receptor binding and personality traits in healthy subjects: a positron emission tomography study. NeuroImage 17:1470–1478

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan D, Grant KA, Gage HD, Mach RH, Kaplan JR, Prioleau O, Nader SH, Buchheimer N, Ehrenkaufer RL, Nader MA (2002) Social dominance in monkeys: dopamine D2 receptors and cocaine self-administration. Nat Neurosci 5:169–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muramatsu S, Okuno T, Suzuki Y, Nakayama T, Kakiuchi T, Takino N, Iida A, Ono F, Terao K, Inoue N, Nakano I, Kondo Y, Tsukada H (2009) Multitracer assessment of dopamine function after transplantation of embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease. Synapse 63:541–548

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagai Y, Obayashi S, Ando K, Inaji M, Maeda J, Okauchi T, Ito H, Suhara T (2007) Progressive changes of pre- and post-synaptic dopaminergic biomarkers in conscious MPTP-treated cynomolgus monkeys measured by positron emission tomography. Synapse 61:809–819

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newman TK, Syagailo YV, Barr CS, Wendland JR, Champoux M, Graessle M, Suomi SJ, Higley JD, Lesch KP (2005) Monoamine oxidase A gene promoter variation and rearing experience influences aggressive behavior in rhesus monkeys. Biol Psychiatry 57:167–172

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nomura M, Kusumi I, Kaneko M, Masui T, Daiguji M, Ueno T, Koyama T, Nomura Y (2006) Involvement of a polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor gene in impulsive behavior. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 187:30–35

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Onoe H, Inoue O, Suzuki K, Tsukada H, Itoh T, Mataga N, Watanabe Y (1994) Ketamine increases the striatal N-[11C]methylspiperone binding in vivo: positron emission tomography study using conscious rhesus monkey. Brain Res 663:191–198

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsey RV, Hastings RS, Oquendo MA, Hu X-Z, Goldman D, Huang Y, Simpson N, Arcement J, Huang Y, Ogden RT, Van Heertum RL, Arango V, Mann JJ (2006) Effect of a triallelic functional polymorphism of the serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region on expression of serotonin transporter in the human brain. Am J Psychiatry 163:48–51

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson AD, Sunohara GA, Kennedy JL (1999) Dopamine D4 receptor gene: novelty or nonsense? Neuropsychopharmacology 21:3–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pesendorfer MB, Gunhold T, Schiel N, Souto A, Huber L, Range F (2009) The maintenance of traditions in marmosets: individual habit, not social conformity? A field experiment. PLoS One 4:e4472

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pohjalainen T, Rinne JO, Nagren K, Lehikoinen P, Anttila K, Syvalahti EK, Hietala J (1998) The A1 allele of the human D2 dopamine receptor gene predicts low D2 receptor availability in healthy volunteers. Mol Psychiatry 3:256–260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pohjalainen T, Nagren K, Syvalahti EK, Hietala J (1999) The dopamine D2 receptor 5′-flanking variant, -141C Ins/Del, is not associated with reduced dopamine D2 receptor density in vivo. Pharmacogenetics 9:505–509

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Praschak-Rieder N, Kennedy J, Wilson AA, Hussey D, Boovariwala A, Willeit M, Ginovart N, Tharmalingam S, Masellis M, Houle S, Meyer JH (2007) Novel 5-HTTLPR allele associates with higher serotonin transporter binding in putamen: a [11C] DASB positron emission tomography study. Biol Psychiatry 62:327–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reeves SJ, Mehta MA, Montgomery AJ, Amiras D, Egerton A, Howard RJ, Grasby PM (2007) Striatal dopamine (D2) receptor availability predicts socially desirable responding. NeuroImage 34:1782–1789

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reimold M, Smolka MN, Schumann G, Zimmer A, Wrase J, Mann K, Hu X-Z, Goldman D, Reischl G, Solbach C, Machulla H-J, Bares R, Heinz A (2007) Midbrain serotonin transporter binding potential measured with [11C]DASB is affected by serotonin transporter genotype. J Neural Transm 114:635–639

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reimold M, Batra A, Knobel A, Smolka MN, Zimmer A, Mann K, Solbach C, Reischl G, Schwarzler F, Grunder G, Machulla HJ, Bares R, Heinz A (2008) Anxiety is associated with reduced central serotonin transporter availability in unmedicated patients with unipolar major depression: a [11C]DASB PET study. Mol Psychiatry 13(606–613):557

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki E, Suemizu H, Shimada A, Hanazawa K, Oiwa R, Kamioka M, Tomioka I, Sotomaru Y, Hirakawa R, Eto T, Shiozawa S, Maeda T, Ito M, Ito R, Kito C, Yagihashi C, Kawai K, Miyoshi H, Tanioka Y, Tamaoki N, Habu S, Okano H, Nomura T (2009) Generation of transgenic non-human primates with germline transmission. Nature 459:523–527

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiel N, Huber L (2006) Social influences on the development of foraging behavior in free-living common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Am J Primatol 68:1150–1160

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schinka JA, Letsch EA, Crawford FC (2002) DRD4 and novelty seeking: results of meta-analyses. Am J Med Genet 114:643–648

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schinka JA, Busch RM, Robichaux-Keene N (2004) A meta-analysis of the association between the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and trait anxiety. Mol Psychiatry 9:197–202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneier FR, Abi-Dargham A, Martinez D, Slifstein M, Hwang DR, Liebowitz MR, Laruelle M (2009) Dopamine transporters, D2 receptors, and dopamine release in generalized social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety 26:411–418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schofield SP, Dixson AF (1982) Distribution of catecholamine and indoleamine neurons in the brain of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). J Anat 134:315–338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sedvall G, Farde L, Hall H, Pauli S, Persson A, Wiesel FA (1988) PET scanning – a new tool in clinical psychopharmacology. Psychopharmacol Ser 5:27–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sen S, Burmeister M, Ghosh D (2004) Meta-analysis of the association between a serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and anxiety-related personality traits. Neuropsychiatr Genet 127B:85–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Shioe K, Ichimiya T, Suhara T, Takano A, Sudo Y, Yasuno F, Hirano M, Shinohara M, Kagami M, Okubo Y, Nankai M, Kanba S (2003) No association between genotype of the promoter region of serotonin transporter gene and serotonin transporter binding in human brain measured by PET. Synapse 48:184–188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephan H, Baron G, Schwerdtfeger WK (1980) The brain of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): a stereotaxic Atlas. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Suhara T, Yasuno F, Sudo Y, Yamamoto M, Inoue M, Okubo Y, Suzuki K (2001) Dopamine D2 receptors in the insular cortex and the personality trait of novelty seeking. Neuroimage 13:891–895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takano A, Arakawa R, Hayashi M, Takahashi H, Ito H, Suhara T (2007) Relationship between neuroticism personality trait and serotonin transporter binding. Biol Psychiatry 62:588–592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tauscher J, Bagby RM, Javanmard M, Christensen BK, Kasper S, Kapur S (2001) Inverse relationship between serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor binding and anxiety: a [(11)C]WAY-100635 PET investigation in healthy volunteers. Am J Psychiatry 158:1326–1328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thobois S, Guillouetk S, Broussolle E (2001) Contributions of PET and SPECT to the understanding of the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. Neurophysiol Clin 31:321–340

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsukada H, Nishiyama S, Kakiuchi T, Ohba H, Sato K, Harada N, Nakanishi S (1999) Isoflurane anesthesia enhances the inhibitory effects of cocaine and GBR12909 on dopamine transporter: PET studies in combination with microdialysis in the monkey brain. Brain Res 849:85–96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueno S, Nakamura M, Mikami M, Kondoh K, Ishiguro H, Arinami T, Komiyama T, Mitsushio H, Sano A, Tanabe H (1999) Identification of a novel polymorphism of the human dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene and the significant association with alcoholism. Mol Psychiatry 4:552–557

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaswani M, Linda FK, Ramesh S (2003) Role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in psychiatric disorders: a comprehensive review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 27:85–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veenema AH, Neumann ID (2007) Neurobiological mechanisms of aggression and stress coping: a comparative study in mouse and rat selection lines. Brain Behav Evol 70:274–285

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villemagne VL, Rothman RB, Yokoi F, Rice KC, Matecka D, Dannals RF, Wong DF (1999) Doses of GBR12909 that suppress cocaine self-administration in non-human primates substantially occupy dopamine transporters as measured by [11C] WIN35, 428 PET scans. Synapse 32:44–50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voelkl B, Huber L (2007) Imitation as faithful copying of a novel technique in marmoset monkeys. PLoS One 2:e611

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss A, King JE, Figueredo AJ (2000) The heritability of personality factors in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Behav Genet 30:213–221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss A, King JE, Perkins L (2006) Personality and subjective well-being in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii). J Pers Soc Psychol 90:501–511

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss A, King JE, Hopkins WD (2007) A cross-setting study of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) personality structure and development: zoological parks and Yerkes National Primate Research Center. Am J Primatol 69:1264–1277

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss A, Inoue-Murayama M, Hong KW, Inoue E, Udono T, Ochiai T, Matsuzawa T, Hirata S, King JE (2009) Assessing chimpanzee personality and subjective well-being in Japan. Am J Primatol 71:283–292

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Willis-Owen SA, Turri MG, Munafo MR, Surtees PG, Wainwright NW, Brixey RD, Flint J (2005) The serotonin transporter length polymorphism, neuroticism, and depression: a comprehensive assessment of association. Biol Psychiatry 58:451–456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson AA, Ginovart N, Hussey D, Meyer J, Houle S (2002) In vitro and in vivo characterisation of [11C]-DASB: a probe for in vivo measurements of the serotonin transporter by positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol 29:509–515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wrase J, Reimold M, Puls I, Kienast T, Heinz A (2006) Serotonergic dysfunction: brain imaging and behavioral correlates. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 6:53–61

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yodyingyuad U, de la Riva C, Abbott DH, Herbert J, Keverne EB (1985) Relationship between dominance hierarchy, cerebrospinal fluid levels of amine transmitter metabolites (5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and homovanillic acid) and plasma cortisol in monkeys. Neuroscience 16:851–858

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yokoyama C, Kawasaki A, Onoe H (2008) Characteristics of behavior and vocalization during a social challenge in common marmosets. SfN Abstracts 393.311

    Google Scholar 

  • Yokoyama C, Yamanaka H, Onoe K, Kawasaki A, Nagata H, Shirakami K, Doi H, Onoe H (2010) Mapping of serotonin transporters by positron emission tomography with [11C]-DASB in conscious common marmosets: comparison with rhesus monkeys. Synapse 64(8):594–601

    Google Scholar 

  • Young LJ (2002) The neurobiology of social recognition, approach, and avoidance. Biol Psychiatry 51:18–26

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Drs. Tetsuya Hayashi and Yasuhiro Wada for their assistance in performing MRI and PET studies of animal brains. We also thank Ms. Hiroko Nagata for preparing PET tracers and Mr. Akihiro Kawasaki, Ms. Kayo Onoe, and Ms. Chiho Takeda for technical assistance. This work was supported in part by KAKENHI (C) grant 19591388 (to C.Y.) and the Molecular Imaging Program on the “Research Base for Exploring New Drugs” from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Functional Probe Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima, Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan

    Chihiro Yokoyama & Hirotaka Onoe

Authors
  1. Chihiro Yokoyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hirotaka Onoe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chihiro Yokoyama .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanakasekiden-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8203, Japan

    Miho Inoue-Murayama Ph.D. (Professor) (Professor)

  2. Department of Integrated Biosciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Seimeitou 502, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan

    Shoji Kawamura Ph.D. (Professor) (Professor)

  3. Psychology School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK

    Alexander Weiss Ph.D. (Senior Lecturer) (Senior Lecturer)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yokoyama, C., Onoe, H. (2011). Molecular Brain Imaging of Personality Traits in Nonhuman Primates: A Study of the Common Marmoset. In: Inoue-Murayama, M., Kawamura, S., Weiss, A. (eds) From Genes to Animal Behavior. Primatology Monographs. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53892-9_19

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation