Abstract
In today’s world, economic climate changes more quickly, and countries realize that globalization has made the world smaller and more competitive. Also, customers seek products and services that can respond to their specific needs and firms make effort to create competitive advantages to keep their profit and market share. All of the above trends lead firms and countries to focus on supply chain and integrated logistics (Fig. 4.1). Making supply chain activities more effective and efficient is a sustainable competitive advantage for countries. One of the important parts of these activities is logistics activities, which can make a significant reduction in costs. Efficient management of logistics activities is a perfect source for creating competitive advantages. Besides, it allows firms to respond to their customers’ specific needs, which in turn, results in customer satisfaction.
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Notes
- 1.
Gross Domestic Product.
- 2.
Australian Federation of Travel Agents.
- 3.
North America Free Trade Agreement.
- 4.
Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals.
- 5.
Gross National Production.
- 6.
Purchasing Power Parity.
- 7.
Transportation Satellite Account and the U.S. Transportation Satellite Account was designed to produce estimates of all transportation operations for all modes.
- 8.
South Africa currency is Rand. 1 South Africa rand = 0.140313 US dollars.
- 9.
Small, medium and micro enterprises.
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Pishvaee, M.S., Basiri, H., Sajadieh, M.s. (2009). National Logistics Costs. In: Zanjirani Farahani, R., Asgari, N., Davarzani, H. (eds) Supply Chain and Logistics in National, International and Governmental Environment. Contributions to Management Science. Physica-Verlag HD. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2156-7_4
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