Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A preliminary cladistic analysis of the genus Vernonia (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)

  • Chapter
Research Advances in the Compositae

Part of the book series: Plant Systematics and Evolution Supplementum 4 ((SYSTEMATICS,volume 4))

Abstract

A cladistic study of the sections and subsections of the genus Vernonia was performed using 32 characters. The resulting cladograms indicate that New and Old World taxa are largely distinct, but differences in topology of equally parsimonious trees indicate that the level and position of connections is unclear. The yellow-flowered trinervate-leaved species of Madagascar separate out as distinct from other Old World taxa as do the large-headed leafy-bracted species of the New World Leiboldia group. Problems are encountered with the placement of the New World subsect. Eremosis/Critoniopsis and the Old World subsectt. Strobocalyx and Urceolatae. Our analyses support the overall synoptic treatment of Jones and Jeffrey, however there are areas of phylogenetic and taxonomic difficulty which need further study. Other non-morphological characters are required to resolve problematic relationships and provide a taxonomic framework reflective of phylogenetic relationships.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aristeguieta, L., 1963: El genero Oliganthes de Madagascar y su equivalente Americano Pollalesta. — Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 23: 255–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Augier, J., Dumerac, M. L., 1951: La phylogénie des composées. — Rev. Sci. 3311: 167–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, J. G., 1872: Compositae I. Vernoniaceae. — In Martius, C. F. P. von (Ed.): Flora Brasiliensis 6, pp. 1–179, pl. 1–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentham, G., 1873: Notes on the classification, history, and geographical distribution of the Compositae. — J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 335–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bentham, G., Hooker, J. D., 1873: Genera Plantarum 2 (1). London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake, S. F., 1936: Lepidonia, a new genus of Vernonieae, with a nomenclatorial note on the name Leiboldia. — J. Washington Acad. Sci. 26: 452–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohlmann, F., Jakupovic, J., 1990: Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae. — Pl. Syst. Evol. [Suppl. 4]: 3–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolick, M. R., 1978: A light and electron microscope study of pollen of the Vernonieae (Compositae). — Ph.D. Thesis, University of Texas, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, K., 1987: Tribal interrelationships of the Asteraceae. — Cladistics 3: 210–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Busey, P., 1975: Flora of Panama: Elephantopodinae. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 873–879.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlquist, S., 1976: Tribal interrelationships and phylogeny of the Asteraceae. — Aliso 8: 465–492.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassini, H., 1825: Vernoniees. — In Cuvier, G. L., (Ed.): Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles 25, pp. 338–345. Reprinted in King, R. M., Dawson, H. L., (Eds.): Cassini on Compositae. — New York: Oriole Editions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clonts, J. A., 1972: A revision of Elephantopus and Pseudoelephantopus. — Ph.D.Thesis, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coile, N., Jones, S., 1981: Lychnophora (Compositae: Vernonieae), a genus endemic to the Brazilian Planalto. — Brittonia 33: 528–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. R., 1968: Chromosome numbers in some Brazilian Compositae. — Rhodora 70: 228–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronquist, A., 1955: Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Compositae. — Am. Midl. Naturalist 53: 478–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cronquist, A., 1977: The Compositae revisited. — Brittonia 29: 137–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: Neue Vernonia-Arten und Synopsis der andinen Arten der Sektion Critoniopsis. — Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 77: 52–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Candolle, A. P., 1836: Composiae. — Prodromus Systematics 5: 4–706.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, M., Turner, B. L., 1982: Chromosome numbers of Peruvian Compositae. — Rhodora 84: 131–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, E. L., 1914: West Indian Vernonieae. — Ark. Bot. 13: 1–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faust, W. Z., Jones, S. B., Jr., 1973: The systematic value of trichome complements in a North American group of Vernonia (Compositae). — Rhodora 75: 517–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funk, V. A., 1982: The systematics of Montana (Asteraceae, Helintheae). — Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 36: 1–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funk, V. A., 1985: Phylogenetic patterns and hybridization. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72: 681–715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gershenzon, J., Pfeil, R. M., Liu, Y. L., Mabry, T. J., Turner, B. L., 1984: Sesquiterpene lactones from two newly-described species of Vernonia: V. jonesii and V. pooleae. — Phytochemistry 22: 777–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, H. A., 1906: A revision of the North American Vernonieae. — Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 144–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, H. A., 1922: Vernonieae. — North Am. Fl. 33: 52–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, H. A., 1923: Evolution and geographical distribution of the genus Vernonia in North America. — Am. J. Bot. 10: 187–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humbert, H., 1960: Composées: Vernoniées. — Flore de Madagascar 189: 1–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, R. K., 1985: The systematics of Acmella (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). — Systematic Botany Monographs 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, R. K., Stuessy, T. F., Diaz-Piedrahita, S., Funk, V. A., 1984: Recuentos chromosomicos en Compositae de Colombia. — Caldasia 14: 7–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, R. K., Smith, E. B., Crawford, D. A., 1987: A cladistic study of North American Coreopsis (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). — Pl. Syst. Evol. 157: 73–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffrey, C., 1988: The Vernonieae in east tropical Africa. Notes on the Compositae: V. — Kew Bull. 43: 195–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S. B., Jr., 1976: Cytogenetics and affinities of Vernonia (Compositae) from the Mexican highlands and eastern North America. — Evolution 30: 544–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S. B., Jr., 1977: Vernonieae systematic review. — In Heywood, V. H., Harborne, J. B., Turner, B. L., (Eds.): The biology and chemistry of the Compositae 1, pp. 503–521. — London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S. B., Jr., 1979 a: Chromosome numbers of Vernonieae (Compositae). — Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 106: 79–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S. B., Jr., 1979 b: Taxonomic revision of Vernonia sect. Leiboldia (Compositae: Vernonieae). — Castanea 44: 229–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S. B., Jr., 1979 c: Synopsis and pollen morphology of Vernonia (Compositae: Vernonieae) in the New World. — Rhodora 81: 425–447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S. B., Jr., 1981: Synoptic classification and pollen morphology of Vernonia (Compositae: Vernonieae) in the Old World. — Rhodora 83: 59–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, S. C., 1978: A revision of the West Indian vernonias (Compositae). — J. Arnold Arbor. 59: 360–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, S. C., 1982: Morphological variation and the problem of species recognition in the neotropical taxon Vernonia arborescens (Compositae). — Syst. Bot. 7: 71–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, S. C., Jones, S. B., Jr., 1977 a: Taxonomic implications of external pollen morphology to Vernonia (Compositae) in the West Indies. — Am. J. Bot. 64: 576–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, S. C., Jones, S. B., Jr., 1977 b: Vernonia (Compositae) in the Bahamas re-visited. — Rhodora 79: 147–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, S. C., Jones, S. B., Jr., 1979: Distribution of pollen types in Vernonia (Vernonieae: Compositae). — Syst. Bot. 4: 195–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, B. L., Jones, S. B., Jr., 1982: Chemosystematics of Vernonia series Flexuosae (Vernonieae: Compositae). — Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 109: 279–286.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kingham, D. L., 1976: A study of the pollen morphology of tropical African and certain other Vernonieae (Compositae). — Kew Bull. 31: 9–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkman, L. K., 1981: Taxonomic revision of Centratherum and Phyllocephalum (Compositae: Vernonieae). — Rhodora 83: 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitamura, S., 1968: Taxonomic studies in the genus Camchaya. — Acta Phytot. Geobot. 23: 71–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mabry, T., Abdel-Baset, Pandolina, F., Jones, S. B., Jr., 1975: Systematic implications of flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones in species of Vernonia. — Biochem. Syst. Evol. 2: 185–192.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLeish, N., 1984 a: Revision of Eremanthus (Compositae: Vernonieae). — Ph.D. thesis, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLeish, N., 1984 b: Argyrovernonia and Paralychnophora: new names in the tribe Vernonieae. — Taxon 33: 106–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacLeish, N., 1985 a: Revision of Glaziovianthus (Compositae: Vernonieae). — Syst. Bot. 10: 347–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacLeish, N., 1985 b: Revision of Chresta and Pycnocephalum (Compositae: Vernonieae). — Syst. Bot. 10: 459–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacLeish, N., 1987: Revision of Eremanthus (Compositae: Vernonieae). — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 265–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meacham, C., 1984: The role of hypothesized direction of characters in the estimation of evolutionary history. — Taxon 33: 26–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nordenstam, B., 1977: Senecioneae and Liabeae — systematic review. — In Heywood, V. H., Harborne, J. B., Turner, B. L., (Eds.): The biology and chemistry of the Compositae 2, pp. 799–830. — London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pope, G., 1983: Cypselas and trichomes as a source of taxonomic characters in the erlangeoid genera. — Kirkia 12: 203–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabaknandrianina, E., Carr, G. D., 1987: Chromosome numbers of Madagascar plants. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gad. 74: 123–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H., 1977: An analysis of the characters and relationships of the tribes Eupatorieae and Vernonieae (Asteraceae). — Syst. Bot. 2: 199–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H., 1979: Two new genera of Vernonieae (Asteraceae) from Brazil, Heterocypsela and Pseudostifftia. — Phytologia 44: 442–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H., 1980: Re-establishment of the genus Critoniopsis. — Phytologia 46: 437–442.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H., 1981: Episcothamnus and Bishopalea, two new genera of the Vernonieae (Asteraceae) from Brazil, and the resurrection of Sipolisia. — Phytologia 48: 209–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H., 1983: A generic review of the tribe Liabeae (Asteraceae). — Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 54: 1–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H., 1987: Studies of the Lepidaploa complex (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). 1. The genus Stenocephalum Sch. Bip. — Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 100: 578–583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H., Brettel, R. D., 1973: Tribal revisions in the Asteraceae. 3. A new tribe, Liabeae. — Phytologia 25: 404–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H., Funk, V., 1987: A phylogenetic analysis of Leiboldia, Lepidonia, and a new genus Stramentopappus (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). — Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 108: 213–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H., Kahn, B., 1986: Trinervate leaves, yellow flowers, tailed anthers, and pollen variation in Distephanus Cassini (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). — Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 99: 493–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H., King, R. M., 1979: Mattfeldanthus mutisioides gen. et spec. nov. (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) from Bahia, Brazil. — Willdenowia 9: 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H., Bohlmann, F., King, R. M., 1980: Chemosystematic notes on the Asteraceae. 3: Natural subdivisions of the Vernonieae. — Phytologia 46: 421–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seaman, F. C., 1982: Sesquiterpene lactones as taxonomic characters in the Asteraceae. — Bot. Rev. 48: 121–595.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skvarla, J. J., Turner, B. L., Tomb, A. S., 1977: Pollen morphology in the Compositae and in morphologically related families. — In Heywood, V. H., Harborne, J. B., Turner, B. L., (Eds.): The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. — London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. E., 1971: Observations on the stengelioid species of Vernonia. — U.S.D.A. Agric. Handbook 396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, G., 1982: Taxonomic consideration of Piptocarpha (Compositae: Vernonieae) and new taxa in Brazil. — Brittonia 34: 210–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, G., 1984: A taxonomic revision of Piptocarpha (Compositae: Vernonieae). — Ph.D. Thesis, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strother, J. L., 1983: More chromosome studies in Compositae. — Am. J. Bot. 70: 1217–1224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stutts, J. G., 1981: Taxonomic revision of Pollalesta H. B. K. (Compositae: Vernonieae). — Rhodora 83: 385–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stutts, J. G., Muir, M. A., 1981: Taxonomic revision of Piptocoma Cass. (Compositae: Vernonieae). — Rhodora 83: 77–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, S., Cowan, C. P., Turner, B. L., 1986: Chromosome counts of Latin American Compositae. — Am. J. Bot. 73: 33–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swofford, D. L., 1985: PAUP — phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 2.4.0. — Champaign: Illinois Natural History Survey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, B. L., 1977: Summary of the biology of the Compositae. — In Heywood, V. H., Harborne, J. B., Turner, B. L., (Eds.): The biology and chemistry of the Compositae 2, pp. 1105–1118. — London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, B. L., 1981: New species and combinations in Vernonia sections Leiboldia and Lepidonia (Asteraceae), with a revisional conspectus of the groups. — Brittonia 33: 401–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, B. L., Powell, A. M., Cuatrecasas, J., 1967: Chromosome numbers in Compositae 11. Peruvian species. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 172–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagenitz, G., 1976: Systematics and phytogeny of the Compositae (Asteraceae). — P1. Syst. Evol. 157: 29–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watrous, L., Wheeler, Q., 1981: The outgroup method of character analysis. — Syst. Zool. 30: 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wild, H., 1978: The Compositae of the Flora Zambesiaca area 8. Vernonieae (Vernonia). — Kirkia 11: 31–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wild, H., Pope, G. V., 1977: The Compositae of the flora Zambesiaca area, 7. — Vernonieae (excluding Vernonia Schreb.). — Kirkia 10: 309–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, J. C. (revised by Shaw, H. K. A.) 1985: A dictionary of flowering plants and ferns, 8th edn. — New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Whittier College, Whittier, CA, 90608, USA

    Sterling C. Keeley

  2. Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 74713, USA

    Billie L. Turner

Authors
  1. Sterling C. Keeley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Billie L. Turner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

    T. J. Mabry

  2. Systematisch-Geobotanisches Institut, der Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany

    G. Wagenitz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Keeley, S.C., Turner, B.L. (1990). A preliminary cladistic analysis of the genus Vernonia (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). In: Mabry, T.J., Wagenitz, G. (eds) Research Advances in the Compositae . Plant Systematics and Evolution Supplementum 4, vol 4. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82174-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6928-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation