Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vascular aspects in Alzheimer’s disease

  • Conference paper
Advances in Dementia Research

  • 438 Accesses

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is a primary degenerative dementia and is not considered to be of vascular origin. Furthermore, severe cerebrovascular diseases are generally exclusionary for the clinical diagnosis. During recent years both epidemiological and neuropathological studies have suggested an association between Alzheimer’s disease and several vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, inheritance of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, ischaemic white matter lesions and generalised atherosclerosis. These findings may reflect an overdiagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease in individuals with silent cerebrovascular disease or that cerebrovascular disease may affects the clinical expression of Alzheimer’s disease. Further possibilities include that Alzheimer’s disease may increase the risk of vascular disease or that vascular disease may stimulate the Alzheimer’s disease process. Similar mechanisms may also be involved in the pathogenesis of both disorders, such as disturbances in the renin-angiotensin system, apoptosis, and psychological stress.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aronson MK, Ooi WL, Morgenstern H, Hafner A, Masur D, Crystal H, Frishman WH, Fisher D, Katzman R (1990) Women, myocardial infarction, and dementia in the very old. Neurology 40: 1102 – 1106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beard CM, Kokmen E, O’Brien PC, Ania BJ, Melton LJ 3rd (1997) Risk of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly patients with anemia: population-based investigations in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Ann Epidemiol 7: 219–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Blennow K, Skoog I (1999) Genetic testing for Alzheimer’s disease: How close is reality? Curr Opin Psychiatry 12: 487 – 493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brun A, Englund E (1986) A white matter disorder in dementia of the Alzheimer type: A pathoanatomical study. Ann Neurol 19: 253 – 262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis DG, Schmitt FA, Wekstein DR, Markesbery WR (1999) Alzheimer neuropathology alterations in aged cognitively normal subjects. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58: 376 – 388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eastwood R, Amaducci L, Brayne C, Broe T, Burns A, Copeland J, Dickens B, Goate A, Hachinski V, Henderson S, Jolles J, Morris J, Ritchie K, Roses A, Rossor M, Schellenberg G, Skoog I, Storandt M, Tallis R, Whitehouse P, Clark S, Evans I, Horton R, Sharp D (1996) The challenge of the dementias. Lancet 347: 1303 – 1307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erkinjuntti T, Hachinski V (1993) Dementia post stroke. In: Physical medicine and rehabilitation: State of the art reviews, vol 7. Hanley & Belfus Inc, Philadelphia, pp 195 – 212

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall ED, Oostveen JA, Dunn E, Carter DB (1995) Increased amyloid protein precursor and apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity in the selectively vulnerable hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Exp Neurol 135: 17 – 27

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy J, Mann D, Wester P, Winblad B (1986) An integrative hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 7: 489 – 502

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heyman A, Fillenbaum GG, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Gearing M, Mirra SS, Mohs RC, Peterson BL, Pieper CF (1998) Cerebral infarcts in patients with autopsy-proven Alzheimer’s disease: CERAD, part XVIII. Consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 51: 159 – 162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hofman A, Ott A, Breteler MMB, Bots ML, Slooter AJC, van Harskamp F, van Duijn CN, Van Broeckhoven C, Grobbee DE (1997) Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in the Rotterdam Study. Lancet 349: 151 – 154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes C, Cairns N, Lantos P, Mann A (1999) Validity of current clinical criteria for Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Br J Psychiatry 174: 45 – 50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jendroska K, Poewe W, Daniel SE, Pluess J, Iwerssen-Schmidt H, Paulsen J, Barthel S, Schelosky L, Cervós-Navarro J, DeArmond SJ (1995) Ischemic stress induces deposition of amyloid (3 immunoreactivity in human brain. Acta Neuropathol 90: 461-466 Kuriyama M, Takahashi K, Yamano T, Hokezu Y, Togo S, Osame M, Igakura T (1994) Low levels of serum apolipoprotein A I and A II in senile dementia. Jpn J Psychiat Neur 48: 589 – 593

    Google Scholar 

  • Leibson CL, Rocca WA, Hanson VA, Cha R, Kokmen E, O’Brien PC, Palumbo PJ (1997) Risk of dementia among persons with diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 145: 301-308 Lim A, Tsuang D, Kukull W, Nochlin D, Leverenz J, McCormick W, Bowen J, Teri L, Thompson J, Peskind ER, Raskind M, Larson EB (1999) Clinico-neuropathological correlation of Alzheimer’s disease in a community-based case series. J Am Geriatr Soc 47: 564 – 569

    Google Scholar 

  • Mari D, Parnetti L, Coppola R, Bottasso B, Reboldi GP, Senin U, Mannucci PM (1996) Hemostasis abnormalities in patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Thromb Haemostasis 75: 216 – 218

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM (1984) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of department of health and human services task force on Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 34: 939 – 944

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy Z, Esiri MM, Jobst KA, Morris JH, King EM, McDonald B, Joachim C, Litchfield S, Barnetson L, Smith AD (1997) The effects of additional pathology on the cognitive deficit in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56: 165 – 170

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orgogozo JM, Dartigues JF, Lafont S, Letenneur L, Commenges D, Salamon R, Renaud S, Breteler MB (1997) Wine consumption and dementia in the elderly: a prospective community study in the Bordeaux area. Rev Neurol (Paris) 153: 185 – 192

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott A, Stolk RP, Hofman A, van Harskamp F, Grobbee DE, Breteler MMB (1996) Association of diabetes mellitus and dementia: The Rotterdam Study. Diabetologia 39: 1392 – 1397

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott A, Breteler MMB, de Bruyne MC, van Harskamp F, Grobbee DE, Hofman A (1997) Atrial fibrillation and dementia in a population-based study. The Rotterdam Study. Stroke 28: 316 – 321

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott A, Slooter AJ, Hofman A, van Harskamp F, Witteman JC, Van Broeckhoven C, van Duijn CM, Breteler MM (1998) Smoking and risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in a population-based cohort study: the Rotterdam Study. Lancet 351: 1840 – 1843

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pasquier F, Leys D (1997) Why are stroke patients prone to develop dementia? J Neurol 244: 135 – 142

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pennypacker KR, Hernandez H, Benkovic S, Morgan DG, Willing AE, Sanberg PR (1999) Induction of presenilins in the rat brain after middle cerebral arterial occlusion. Brain Res Bull 48: 539 – 543

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, Cummings JL, Masdeu JC, Garcia JH, Amaducci L, Orgogozo J-M, Brun A, Hofman A, Moody DM, O’Brien MD, Yamaguchi T, Grafman J, Drayer BP, Bennett DA, Fisher M, Ogata J, Kokmen E, Bermejo F, Wolf PA, Gorelick PB, Bick KL, Pajeau AK, Bell MA, DeCarli C, Culebras A, Korczyn AD, Bogousslavsky J, Hartmann A, Scheinberg P (1993) Vascular dementia: Diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS- AIREN international workshop. Neurology 43: 250 – 260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair AJ, Bayer AJ, Johnston J, Warner C, Maxwell SR (1998) Altered plasma antioxidant status in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 13: 840-845 Skoog I (1994) Risk factors for vascular dementia. A review. Dementia 5: 137–144 Skoog I (1997) Blood pressure and dementia. In: Hansson L, Birkenhager WH (eds), Handbook of hypertension, vol 18. Assessment of hypertensive organ damage. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp 303 – 331

    Google Scholar 

  • Skoog I (1998) Guest editorial. Status of risk factors for vascular dementia. Neuroepidemiology 17: 2 – 9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skoog I (1999a) The interaction between vascular disorders and Alzheimer’s disease. In: Iqbal K, Swaab DF, Winblad B, Wisniewski HM (eds), Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders: etiology, pathogenesis and therapeutics. John Wiley, Chichester, pp 523 – 530

    Google Scholar 

  • Skoog I (1999b) Possibilities for secondary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. In: Mayeux R, Christen Y (eds), The epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease: from gene to prevention. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Skoog I, Gustafson D (1999) Hormone replacement therapy and dementia. J Epidemiol Biostat 4: 227 – 252

    Google Scholar 

  • Skoog I, Nilsson L, Palmertz B, Andreasson L-A, Svanborg A (1993) A population-based study of dementia in 85-year-olds. N Engl J Med 328: 153 – 158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skoog I, Palmertz B, Andreasson L-A (1994) The prevalence of white matter lesions on computed tomography of the brain in demented and non-demented 85-year-olds. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 7: 169 – 175

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skoog I, Vanmechelen E, Andreasson L-A, Palmertz B, Davidsson P, Hesse C, Blennow K (1995) A population-based study of tau protein and ubiquitin in cerebrospinal fluid in 85-year-olds: relation to severity of dementia and cerebral atrophy, but not to the apolipoprotein E4 allele. Neurodegeneration 4: 433 – 442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S, Palmertz B, Andreasson L-A, Nilsson L, Persson G, Oden A, Svanborg A (1996) A 15-year longitudinal study on blood pressure and dementia. Lancet 347: 1141 – 1145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skoog I, Hesse C, Fredman P, Andreasson L-A, Palmertz B, Blennow K (1997) Apolipoprotein E in cerebrospinal fluid in 85-year-olds. Relation to dementia, apolipoprotein E polymorphism, cerebral atrophy, and white-matter lesions. Arch Neurol 54: 267 – 272

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skoog I, Wallin A, Fredman P, Hesse C, Aevarsson O, Karlsson I, Gottfries CG, Blennow K (1998) A population-study on blood-brain barrier function in 85-year-olds. Relation to Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Neurology 50: 966 – 971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA, Riley KP, Greiner PA, Markesbery WR (1997) Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease. The Nun Study. JAMA 277: 813 – 817

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soneira CF, Scott TM (1996) Severe cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease: Senile plaque formation in cortical areas. Clin Anat 9: 118 – 127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks DL, Hunsaker III JC, Scheff SW, Kryscio RJ, Henson JL, Markesbery WR (1990) Cortical senile plaques in coronary artery disease, aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 11: 601 – 607

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks DL, Scheff SW, Liu H, Landers TM, Coyne CM, Hunsaker III JC (1995) Increased incidence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in non-demented individuals with hypertension. J Neurol Sci 131: 162 – 169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suo Z, Humphrey J, Kundtz A, Sethi F, Placzek A, Crawford F, Mullan M (1998) Soluble Alzheimers beta-amyloid constricts the cerebral vasculature in vivo. Neurosci Lett 257: 77 – 80

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas T, Thomas G, McLendon C, Sutton T, Mullan M (1996) β-amyloid-mediated

    Google Scholar 

  • vasoactivity and vascular endothelial damage. Nature 380: 168–171 Wisniewski HM, Kozlowski PB (1982) Evidence for blood-brain barrier changes in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). Ann NY Acad Sci 396: 119–131

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Güteborg University, Güteborg, Sweden

    Ingmar Skoog MD, Ph.D.

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Güteborg, Sweden

    Ingmar Skoog MD, Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Ingmar Skoog MD, Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut für Klinische Neurobiologie, Wien, Österreich

    K. Jellinger

  2. Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Graz, Österreich

    R. Schmidt

  3. JSW-Forschungslabor, Graz, Österreich

    M. Windisch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag

About this paper

Cite this paper

Skoog, I. (2000). Vascular aspects in Alzheimer’s disease. In: Jellinger, K., Schmidt, R., Windisch, M. (eds) Advances in Dementia Research. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6781-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6781-6_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-83512-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6781-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation