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Proteoglycans of the Central Nervous System

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Animal Lectins: Form, Function and Clinical Applications

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Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex molecular framework that provides physical support to cells and tissues, while also providing signals for cell growth, migration, differentiation and survival. Proteoglycans, as part of the extracellular or cell-surface milieu of most tissues and organ systems, play important roles in morphogenesis by modulating cell-matrix or cell-cell interactions, cell adhesiveness, or by binding and presenting growth and differentiation factors. The basic concept, that specialized extracellular matrices rich in hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CS-PG: aggrecan, versican, neurocan, brevican, phosphacan), link proteins and tenascins (Tn-R, Tn-C) can regulate cellular migration and axonal growth and thus, actively participate in the development and maturation of nervous system, has gained rapidly expanding experimental support (Zimmermann and Dours-Zimmermann 2008). The distribution of ECM molecules displays area-specific differences along the dorso-ventral axis, delimiting functionally and developmentally distinct areas. In gray matter, laminae I and II lack PNNs of extracellular matrix and contain low levels of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs), brevican, and tenascin-R, possibly favoring the maintenance of local neuroplastic properties. Conversely, CS-GAGs, brevican, and phosphacan were abundant, with numerous thick PNNs, in laminae III-VIII and X. Motor neurons (lamina IX), surrounded by PNNs, containd various amounts of CS-GAGs (Vitellaro-Zuccarello et al. 2007).

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  1. Department of Biophysics, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India

    G. S. Gupta (Former Professor and Chairman)

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Gupta, G.S. (2012). Proteoglycans of the Central Nervous System. In: Animal Lectins: Form, Function and Clinical Applications. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1065-2_38

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