Abstract
Following the attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon in the USA on September 11th, 2001 and the subsequent ‘War on Terrorism’ by the USA and its allies (including Britain), issues of nationalism and racism have again received attention around the world. In both Britain and the USA, those constructed as ‘Arab’ and/or Muslim have increasingly been subjected to attack. However, apparently ‘new’ forms of exclusion from the nation and racism are often longstanding because the past leaves us with legacies that continue to operate (see, for example, Lutz et al., 1995). An understanding of nationalisms, racisms, and ethnicisms therefore requires a complementary understanding of the ways in which they are socially and historically produced (Lutz, 2002). It is partly because there are continuities that ‘post-colonial’ periods cannot be viewed as disconnected from colonialism. As Michel Foucault suggested, we need to examine ‘the history of the present’ and the conditions of possibility that allow particular ways of viewing the world (discourses) to become normalised as ‘regimes of truth’.
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Phoenix, A. (2002). A Monocultural Nation in a Multi-Cultural Society?. In: Lenz, I., Lutz, H., Morokvasic, M., Schöning-Kalender, C., Schwenken, H. (eds) Crossing Borders and Shifting Boundaries. Schriftenreihe der Internationalen Frauenuniversität »Technik und Kultur«, vol 11. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-09527-9_5
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