Zusammenfassung
Im Gegensatz zu den Myrmekophilen mit schützendem Körperbau ist eine zweite Gruppe von Gästen in der Lage, Färbung und Anatomie von Ameisen mit exquisiter Genauigkeit zu imitieren. Diese Art der Mimikry wird als Myrmekomorphie bezeichnet, und in vielen Fällen werden die anatomischen Anpassungen der Myrmekomorphen durch erstaunliche Verhaltensnachahmungen ihrer Ameisenvorbilder noch verstärkt. Solche Nachahmer finden wir vor allem bei den myrmekomorphen Spinnen. Sie ahmen nicht nur die detaillierten Farbmuster und die Anordnung der Segmente der Ameisen nach, indem sie durch zusätzliche Einschnürungen an Opisthosoma und Cephalothorax ihren zweigeteilten Körper wie bei einer Ameise in drei Segmente unterteilen. Einige Ameisen nachahmende Spinnen erzeugen die Illusion, dass sie Fühler haben, indem sie ihr erstes Beinpaar vor sich herbewegen, und scheinen sich sogar mit einer ameisenähnlichen Gangart fortzubewegen. In diesem Kapitel erörtern wir einige der außergewöhnlichsten Beispiele von Myrmekomorphie und Imitation des Ameisenverhaltens durch Spinnen und andere Gliederfüßer und erörtern, inwieweit diese Täuschungen zum Schutz gegen Fressfeinde, oder der Interaktion mit ihren Ameisenwirten dienen. Unsere Diskussion wäre nicht vollständig, wenn wir nicht auch die anderen Beziehungen zwischen Spinnen und Ameisen betrachten würden, die durch die Fähigkeit beider Gruppen, architektonische Meisterwerke zu bauen und komplexe soziale Gruppen zu bilden, noch faszinierender sind.
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Hölldobler, B., Kwapich, C. (2023). Spinnen und andere Nachahmer, Vortäuscher und Räuber. In: Die Gäste der Ameisen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66526-8_6
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