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In und auf den Körpern der Ameisen

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Die Gäste der Ameisen

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Zusammenfassung

Eine der wichtigsten Nischen für Myrmekophile im Ameisen-Superorganismus sind die Körper der einzelnen Ameisen selbst. Einige dieser Körperbewohner sind nur Tramper, wie die vielen Milbenarten, die in den Wäldern der amerikanischen Tropen auf Wanderameisen reiten, oder diejenigen, die sich unter den Köpfen der Ameisen festklammern und die Nahrung direkt aus ihren Mündern stehlen. Andere Parasiten dringen in den Körper der Wirte ein und manipulieren den Körper der Ameisen zu ihrem eigenen Vorteil. Tatsächlich lebt eine Vielzahl von Organismen auf und in den Körpern der einzelnen Ameisen. Einige davon sind für ihre Wirte von Nutzen, da sie in einer mutualistischen (wechselseitig nützlichen) Beziehung zueinanderstehen, während andere lediglich als Kommensale fungieren. Eine große Anzahl dieser Organismen kann jedoch als echte Parasiten betrachtet werden. Die Vielfalt und Anzahl solcher Mitbewohner sind enorm: Sie umfassen, Nematoden, Trematoden, Pilze, einzellige Symbionten und andere.

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  1. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA

    Bert Hölldobler

  2. Biological Sciences, Kennedy College of Sciences, Lowell, USA

    Christina Kwapich

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Hölldobler, B., Kwapich, C. (2023). In und auf den Körpern der Ameisen. In: Die Gäste der Ameisen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66526-8_2

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