Zusammenfassung
Torische Intraokularlinsen (IOL) sind inzwischen sehr bewährt zum Ausgleich eines vorbestehenden kornealen Astigmatismus, besonders im Rahmen einer Kataraktoperation. Als Indikation gelten im Allgemeinen reguläre Hornhautastigmatismen ab einer Dioptrie. Das Prinzip der torischen IOL lässt sich mit monofokalen und multifokalen Optiken kombinieren. Wenn noch keine Katarakt vorliegt, können torische IOL auch in ein phakes Auge implantiert werden. Eine additive torische IOL kann auch nach bereits stattgehabter Kataraktoperation zur refraktiven Feinkorrektur in den Sulcus ciliaris implantiert werden. Essenziell für den Operationserfolg ist eine genaue Untersuchung mit Berücksichtigung des posterioren kornealen Astigmatismus. Der exakten – und dauerhaften – Ausrichtung der Torusachse auf den steilen Meridian kommt eine hohe Bedeutung bei; schon geringe Abweichungen von der Zielachse können zu signifikanten visuellen Beschwerden führen. Eine Alternative zu torischen IOL kann – vor allem bei irregulären Astigmatismus – ein Implantat sein, welches das Lochblenden-/Small-aperture-Prinzip nutzt. Besonders bei geringen Astigmatismen können limbal relaxierende Inzisionen eine weitere Option darstellen.
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Dick, H.B., Taneri, S. (2024). Torische Intraokularlinsen. In: Pfeiffer, N., Cursiefen, C., Holz, F.G., Lagrèze, W.A. (eds) Die Augenheilkunde. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65929-8_161-1
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