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Sterbewünsche

Aktuelle Diskurse und ethische Implikationen im Pflege- und Gesundheitswesen

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Ethik im Gesundheitswesen

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Pflege – Therapie – Gesundheit ((SRPTG))

Zusammenfassung

Am Ende ihres Lebens wünschen sich einige Menschen, ihr Tod möge früher eintreten. Sterbewünsche können in den festen Willen münden, seinem Leben selbst ein Ende zu setzen und Sterbehilfe in Anspruch zu nehmen, doch ist das keineswegs immer der Fall. Gleichwohl stellt sich die Frage, wie sich angemessen mit Sterbewünschen umgehen lässt. Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, was sich hinter der Aussage „ich möchte sterben“ verbergen kann. Ausgehend von einer Begriffsbestimmung werden die Gründe, Bedeutungen und Funktionen von Sterbewünschen in Augenschein genommen. Auf dieser Grundlage wird aus ethischer Perspektive erörtert, was im Umgang mit Sterbewünschen zu beachten ist.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Den Ausdruck „Sterbehilfe“ verwende ich in einem umgangssprachlichen Sinne, d. h. ohne zwischen Suizidbeihilfe und der Tötung auf Verlangen zu differenzieren.

  2. 2.

    Einen Überblick über die aktuelle Forschung bieten Rehmann-Sutter et al. (2015a) in einem Sammelband.

  3. 3.

    Für eine ähnliche Herangehensweise vgl. Streeck (2015).

  4. 4.

    Die folgenden Wunschgehalte werden genannt: 1) Sterbewünsche ohne den Wunsch nach einer Beschleunigung des Todes: a) sich auf das Sterben freuen, b) auf einen schnellen Tod hoffen, c) sich zu sterben wünschen; 2) Wunsch nach einer Beschleunigung des Todes: a) hypothetischer Wunsch (auf die Zukunft gerichtet), b) Wunsch ohne konkrete Umsetzungspläne, c) konkreter Wunsch; 3) Wille zu sterben: a) ausdrückliche Bitte um Hilfe, b) Ablehnung lebenserhaltender Maßnahmen, c) Handlungen zur Beschleunigung des Todes (Ohnsorge et al. 2014a).

  5. 5.

    Üblicherweise übernimmt die ärztliche Standesorganisation FMH (Foederatio Medicorum Helveticorum) die Richtlinien der SAMW in ihre Standesordnung. In diesem Fall entschied sich die Ärztekammer dagegen, weil neu „unerträgliches Leiden“ als Bedingung für die Suizidbeihilfe gilt. Dabei handele es sich um einen unbestimmten Rechtsbegriff, so dass die Ärzteschaft einer großen Rechtsunsicherheit ausgesetzt sei (FMH 2018).

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    Nina Streeck

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    Sonja Lehmeyer

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Streeck, N. (2022). Sterbewünsche. In: Riedel, A., Lehmeyer, S. (eds) Ethik im Gesundheitswesen. Springer Reference Pflege – Therapie – Gesundheit . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58680-8_75

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