Abstract
In this chapter, some aspects of steam cycles combined to modular HTR as heat source are explained. On the basis of a simplified flow sheet, the process and the main thermodynamic aspects are explained. Simple estimations deliver already the practical result of a net efficiency of 40% applying today-established parameters of the steam cycle with temperatures of 530 °C. The influence of rising steam temperature and pressure as well of modifications of the flow sheet are discussed. The process of condensation and the removal of waste heat by freshwater cooling, use of wet cooling towers or dry air cooling towers are explained. Especially the last-mentioned concept makes HTR plants in future attractive for arid sites. For the steam cycle conventional components like steam turbines, feed water pumps and preheater sections can be applied. The optimization of steam cycle, especially the choice of higher steam temperature and pressure, is a further important point of explanation in this chapter. The production of steam with higher temperature than as example 560 °C is possible, although more expensive alloys have to be inserted. In the practical design, a temperature rise of 30 °C allows a rise of efficiency by 1 point. The optimization of all relevant parameters of the cycle has to take into account a long operation time of more than 40 years. Therefore, dynamic models like life cycle cost analysis as example have to be applied, to find an optimal layout of the plant. In this connection, the introduction of a reheat into the steam cycle has to be analyzed too. The potential of the steam cycle, including the coupling of the modular HTR with combined cycles, generally is large and offers good chance for the modular HTR on many sites. Additionally, modular plants are well suited for cogeneration processes, which are explained in principle here too. These processes allow to deliver heat for district heat systems, seawater desalination, and process steam for many industrial applications.
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Kugeler, K., Zhang, Z. (2019). Power Conversion Cycle. In: Modular High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Power Plant. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57712-7_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57712-7_8
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