Abstract
This chapter explores sensible ways of addressing the conflict between the public interest in enjoying copyrighted contents and the private interest in protecting the right to receive copyright royalties. It utilizes the recent landmark litigations over online television streaming technologies, such as Aereo and TVCatchup, to analyze the nature of this type of conflict of interest. The chapter further considers the roles of compulsory licensing and network neutrality in promoting the public interest in the provision of online streaming services and in guarding the private interest in the protection of copyrights.
Haochen Sun is Associate Professor of Law and Director of the Law and Technology Center at the University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law.
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Notes
- 1.
Google Books, available at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books (“As of October 2015, the number of scanned book titles was over 25 million.”).
- 2.
The Statute of Anne, the first copyright statute, was designed as “An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by vesting the Copies of Printed Books in the Authors or purchasers of such Copies…” Statute of Anne, London (1710), available at: www.copyrighthistory.org/cgi-bin/kleioc/0010/exec/ausgabe/"uk_1710".
- 3.
17 USC §106 (4).
- 4.
17 USC §101.
- 5.
American Broadcasting Companies v. Aereo, 573 U.S. (2014) (hereinafter Aereo).
- 6.
Id.
- 7.
Id.
- 8.
Id.
- 9.
Id.
- 10.
17 USC §101.
- 11.
Aereo.
- 12.
Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society.
- 13.
ITV Broadcasting Ltd and others v. TVCatchup Ltd, C-607/11, 3 CMLR 1 (CJEU) (2013) (hereinafter TV Catchup).
- 14.
- 15.
See e.g. ECJ Sociedad General de Autores y Editores de España (SGAE) v. Rafael Hoteles SA C-306/05, ECR I-11543 (2006), para. 34.
- 16.
TV Catchup, para. 20.
- 17.
Id.
- 18.
Id., para. 32.
- 19.
Id., para. 33.
- 20.
Id., para. 34.
- 21.
Id., para. 35.
- 22.
Id., para. 36.
- 23.
Brief of Amici Curiae – The Consumer Federation of America and the Consumers Union in support of the Respondent, 11, available at: www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/supreme_court_preview/briefs-v3/13-461_resp_amcu_cfa-cu.authcheckdam.pdf.
- 24.
Brief of Amici Curiae – Small and Independent Broadcasters in Support of Respondent, 9, available at: sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/13-461_resp_amcu_sib.authcheckdam.pdf.
- 25.
Brief of Amici Curiae – Competition Law Professors in support of the Respondent, 19, available at: sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/13-461-bsac-Competition-Law-Professors-1.pdf.
- 26.
B. Keane (2013), 171.
- 27.
B. Keane summarises the practical significance of TV Catchup as follows: “any interference with an original broadcast or communication of a work on the internet requires the author’s authorisation and fair remuneration.” B. Keane (2013), 170.
- 28.
Aereo.
- 29.
Id.
- 30.
No. 11-788 (2d Cir. 2012).
- 31.
Id.
- 32.
J. Flint / D.G. Savage (2014).
- 33.
T. Wu (2003), 145–146.
- 34.
C. S. Yoo (2004), 38.
- 35.
T. Wu (2003), 145–146.
- 36.
B. Sasso (2015), Thousands Beg FCC for Net Neutrality Crackdown, available at: www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/07/thousands-beg-fcc-for-net-neutrality-crackdown/457371/.
- 37.
See B. van Schewick (2016).
- 38.
R. Waniata (2014), Comcast Jumps up in Netflix Speed Rankings after Payola-style Agreement, available at: http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/comcast-jumps-netflix-speed-rankings-payola-style-agreement/.
- 39.
B. Thompson (2014), Netflix and Net Neturality, available at: stratechery.com/2014/netflix-net-neutrality/.
- 40.
D. Groves (2016), Will Netflix Succeed In Conquering Asia?, available at: www.forbes.com/sites/dongroves/2016/01/08/plenty-of-upside-but-challenges-ahead-for-netflix-in-asia/#1ed559641019.
- 41.
J. Liu, Hong Kong’s LeTV announces price for English Premier League package, available at: www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education-community/article/1888806/hong-kongs-letv-announces-price-english-premier.
References
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Flint, J. / Savage, D.G. (2014), Broadcasters Cheer as Aereo Loses Supreme Court Fight, available at: www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-court-copyright-aereo-20140626-story.html
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Sun, H. (2017). Entertainment Utopia Through Compulsory Licensing and Network Neutrality. In: Liu, KC., Hilty, R. (eds) Remuneration of Copyright Owners. MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, vol 27. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53809-8_16
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