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Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Kindes- und Jugendalter

  • Living reference work entry
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Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

Zusammenfassung

Hauptmerkmale einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) sind Unaufmerksamkeit, Hyperaktivität und Impulsivität. Etwa 5 % aller Kinder und Jugendlichen entwickeln eine ADHS und die meisten erwachsenen Patienten mit einer ADHS berichten über einen Störungsbeginn im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Die Mehrzahl der Kinder und Jugendlichen leiden zudem an komorbiden psychischen Störungen. Die Heterogenität dieser Störung legt multifaktorielle Ursachen nahe, in denen neurobiologische, genetische, neuroanatomische und neurophysiologische, neuropsychologische und psychosoziale Faktoren Berücksichtigung finden. Die multimodale Behandlung der ADHS wird auf der Grundlage einer ausführlichen Psychoedukation des Patienten und seiner Bezugspersonen durchgeführt und kann, je nach Indikation, familienzentrierte behaviorale Interventionen (vor allem Elterntraining), psychosoziale und behaviorale Interventionen im weiteren Umfeld (Kindergarten, Schule), kognitiv-behaviorale Therapie des Patienten und Pharmakotherapie umfassen. Die Pharmakotherapie ist die wirkungsvollste Behandlung und sollte laut Leitlinien in Kombination mit Psychoedukation und bei Bedarf auch psychologischen und psychosozialen Interventionen zumindest bei Patienten mit starker Symptomausprägung im Vordergrund stehen. Sie kann jedoch auch bei moderater ADHS nach einer umfassenden Psychoedukation als primäre Therapie eingesetzt werden. Ergänzend können Neurofeedback und diätetische Interventionen hilfreich, wobei die Effekte eher gering sind.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ausbildungsinstitut für Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Deutschland

    Manfred Döpfner

  2. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit (ZI), Mannheim, Deutschland

    Tobias Banaschewski

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  1. Manfred Döpfner
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  2. Tobias Banaschewski
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Correspondence to Manfred Döpfner .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie / Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland

    Jörg Fegert

  2. Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Franz Resch

  3. Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Wien, Österreich

    Paul Plener

  4. Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern, Bern, Schweiz

    Michael Kaess

  5. Ausbildungsinstitut für Kinder- Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Universität Köln, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland

    Manfred Döpfner

  6. Klink für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland

    Kerstin Konrad

  7. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, LWL-Universitätsklinik Hamm der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Hamm, Deutschland

    Tanja Legenbauer

Section Editor information

  1. Sektion Klinische Neuropsychologie des Kindes-und Jugendalters, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindesund Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland

    Kerstin Konrad

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Döpfner, M., Banaschewski, T. (2022). Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Kindes- und Jugendalter. In: Fegert, J., et al. Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49289-5_124-1

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