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Ausscheidungsstörungen in Kindheit und Jugend

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Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

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Zusammenfassung

Ausscheidungsstörungen sind häufige Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Drei große Gruppen können unterschieden werden, die Enuresis nocturna, die funktionelle Harninkontinenz tags und die Enkopresis oder Stuhlinkontinenz. Ca. 10 % der 7-jährigen Kinder sind vom Einnässen nachts und 6 % tags betroffen; weitere 1–3 % koten ein. Inzwischen können viele verschiedene Subgruppen unterschieden werden, die sich nach Ätiologie, Pathogenese, Symptomatik und vor allem Therapie unterscheiden. Eine genaue Diagnose ist Voraussetzung für eine wirksame Therapie. Die Grundbehandlung ist immer symptomorientiert, konservativ und nichtinvasiv und wird als Standardurotherapie bezeichnet. Sie kann sinnvoll durch die spezielle Urotherapie und Pharmakotherapie ergänzt werden. Komorbide Störungen müssen erfasst und behandelt werden. 20–50 % aller Kinder sind von komorbiden psychischen Störungen betroffen. Für therapieresistente Ausscheidungsstörungen stehen Schulungsprogramme zur Verfügung. Die leitliniengerechte Behandlung von Ausscheidungsstörungen ist wirksam, sollte früh begonnen werden und kann überwiegend ambulant durchgeführt werden.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In einer schwedischen Studie zeigen 2,5 % der 7-Jährigen, 0,5 % der 11- bis 13-Jährigen und 0,3 % der 15- bis 17-Jährigen mehr als einmal in der Woche eine Harninkontinenz tags (Hellström et al. 1990, 1995). Tagsüber nässen insgesamt 7,8 % der 5,5-Jährigen, 9,7 % der 6,6-Jährigen, 6,9 % der 7,7-Jährigen und 4,4 % der 9,7-Jährigen ein (Swithinbank et al. 2010).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung Eltern-Kind und Jugendliche, Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Davos, Schweiz

    Alexander von Gontard

  2. Governor Kremers Centre, Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Niederlande

    Alexander von Gontard

Authors
  1. Alexander von Gontard
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Correspondence to Alexander von Gontard .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie / Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland

    Jörg Fegert

  2. Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Franz Resch

  3. Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Wien, Österreich

    Paul Plener

  4. Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern, Bern, Schweiz

    Michael Kaess

  5. Ausbildungsinstitut für Kinder- Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Universität Köln, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland

    Manfred Döpfner

  6. Klink für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland

    Kerstin Konrad

  7. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, LWL-Universitätsklinik Hamm der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Hamm, Deutschland

    Tanja Legenbauer

Section Editor information

  1. Forschungsabteilung Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Bern, Schweiz

    Michael Kaess

  2. LWL Universitätsklinik Hamm für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Medizinische Fakultät, Hamm, Deutschland

    Tanja Legenbauer

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© 2024 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

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von Gontard, A. (2024). Ausscheidungsstörungen in Kindheit und Jugend. In: Fegert, J., et al. Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49289-5_116-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49289-5_116-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-49289-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-49289-5

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