A casting solution is normally prepared to be filmed as a flat sheet, or extruded as a hollow fiber, in polymeric membrane preparation via phase inversion. The two main components of a casting solution are the selected polymer (P) and a suitable solvent (S) (or a diluent, for membrane preparation via TIPS). Different types of additives can be introduced in the casting solution composition to improve/enhance some selected membrane properties, depending on the application. Additives can be divided in two categories: soluble and insoluble additives. Soluble additives can be, in general, salts, as LiCl and LiClO4; small molecules, as glycerol or ethylene glycol (EG); or polymers, as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), with different molecular weights (Mw). Most soluble additives are introduced to enhance the formation of membrane pores and are called “pore former” or “pore forming.” They are normally leached out from the membrane matrix in the coagulation bath....
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Simone, S. (2016). Casting Solution Additives. In: Drioli, E., Giorno, L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1827
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