Abstract
Highly stabilized sources of light generate electromagnetic fields which, even in a vacuum state, exhibit inherent and unavoidable small fluctuations. These fluctuations are often unobservable, however, they are always present and are the source of what we call quantum noise. The fluctuations arise from the quantum nature of electromagnetic field, and it has the long been thought that they were an insuperable barrier to accuracy. In the last two decades theoretical studies followed by experimental measurements have shown that this limitation could be circumvented. The search for light fields with reduced or even completely suppressed fluctuations has become a new subject for physicists to study [1,2]. The possibility of obtaining light fields whose fluctuations are less than those naively expected from the laws of quantum mechanics allows researchers to perform experiments with greater precision than possible with laser light.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Special issues of Journal Mod. Opt. 34, nos. 6/7 (1987); and J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 4, no. 10 (1987)
For references see a recent review on squeezed states V.V. Dodonov, J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 4, Rl (2002)
E.S. Polzik, J. Carri and H.J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3020 (1992)
E.S. Polzik, J. Carri and H.J. Kimble, Appl. Phys. B 55, 279 (1992)
N.Ph. Georgiades, E.S. Polzik, K. Edamatsu, H.J. Kimble and A.S. Parkins, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3426 (1995)
N.Ph. Georgiades, E.S. Polzik and H.J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. A 55, R1605 (1997)
A. Furusawa, J.L. Sorensen, S.L. Braunstein, C.A. Fuchs, H.J. Kimble and E.S. Polzik, Science 282, 706 (1998)
J. Hald, J.L. Sorensen, C. Schori and E.S. Polzik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1319 (1999)
M. Atature, A.V. Sergienko, B.M. Jost, B.E.A. Saleh and M.C. Teich, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1323 (1999)
A.S. Parkins, in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Part II, eds. M. Evans and S. Kielich ( Wiley, New York 1993 ), p. 607
B.J. Dalton, Z. Ficek and S. Swain, J. Mod. Opt. 46, 379 (1999)
W.H. Louise11, Quantum Statistical Properties of Radiation ( Wiley, New York 1973 )
C.W. Gardiner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1917 (1986)
H.J. Carmichael, A.S. Lane and D.F. Walls, J. Mod. Opt. 34, 821 (1987)
A.S. Parkins and C.W. Gardiner, Phys. Rev. A 40, 3796 (1989); 42, 5765 (E) (1990)
A.S. Parkins, Phys. Rev. A 42, 6873 (1990)
A.S. Parkins, Phys. Rev. A 42, 6873 (1990)
J.I. Cirac and L.L. Sanchez-Soto, Phys. Rev. A 44, 1948 (1991)
G. Yeoman and S.M. Barnett, J. Mod. Opt. 43, 2037 (1996)
R. Tana§, Z. Ficek, A. Messikh and T. FI-Shahat, J. Mod. Opt. 45, 1234 (1998)
Z. Ficek, B.J. Dalton and M.R.B. Wahiddin, J. Mod. Opt. 44, 1005 (1997)
A. Messikh, R. Tana§ and Z. Ficek, Phys. Rev. A 61, 033811 (1999)
Z. Ficek, J. Seke, R. Kralicek and G. Adam, Opt. Commun. 147, 289 (1998)
H. Ritsch and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A 38, 4657 (1988)
S. An and M. Sargent, Phys. Rev. A 39, 3998 (1989)
Z. Ficek and B.J. Dalton, Opt. Commun. 102, 231 (1993)
Z. Ficek, W.S. Smyth and S. Swain, Opt. Commun 110, 555 (1994)
Z. Ficek, W.S. Smyth and S. Swain, Phys. Rev. A 52, 4126 (1995)
R.R. Tacci, Opt. Commun 118, 241 (1995)
S.S. Hassan, H.A. Batarfi and R.K. Bullough, J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, R35 (2000)
R. Tana§, in Coherence and Statistics of Photons and Atoms, edited by J. Penna ( Wiley, New York 2000 ), p. 289
J. Janszky and Y. Yushin, Phys. Rev. A 36, 1288 (1987)
J. Gea-Banacloche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1603 (1989)
J. Javanainen and P.L. Gould, Phys. Rev. A 41, 5088 (1990)
Z. Ficek and P.D. Drummond, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6247 (1991)
Z. Ficek and P.D. Drummond, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6258 (1991)
C.W. Gardiner and A.S. Parkins, Phys. Rev. A 50, 1792 (1994)
P. Zhou and S. Swain, Phys. Rev. A 54, 2455 (1996)
P. Zhou and S. Swain, Opt. Commun. 134, 127 (1997)
Q.A. Turchette, N.Ph. Georgiades, C.J. Hood, H.J. Kimble and A.S. Parkins, Phys. Rev. A 58, 4056 (1998)
N.Ph. Georgiades, E.S. Polzik and H.J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. A 59, 123 (1999)
P. Zhou and S. Swain, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2500 (1999)
A.S. Parkins and C.W. Gardiner, Phys. Rev. A 38, 111 (1988)
Z. Ficek and P.D. Drummond, Europhys. Lett. 24, 455 (1993)
A. Yariv, Quantum Electronics ( Wiley, New York 1989 )
M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Macmillan, New York 1964), Chap.7
F. De Martini, M. Marrocco, P. Mataloni, L. Crescentini and R. Loudon, Phys. Rev. A 43, 2480 (1991)
Z. Chen and H. Freedhoff, J. Phys. B 24, 3373 (1991)
P.D. Drummond, Quantum Opt. 2, 205 (1990)
G.J. Milburn, Phys. Rev. A 34, 4882 (1986)
S. Smart and S. Swain, Quantum Opt. 5, 75 (1993)
J.M. Courty and S. Reynaud, Europhys. Lett. 10, 237 (1989)
A.S. Shumovsky and T. Quang, J. Phys. B 22, 131 (1989)
P. Zhou and S. Swain, Quant. Semiclass. Opt. 8, 959 (1996)
M.R.B. Wahiddin, Z. Ficek, U. Akram, K.T. Lim and M.R. Muhamad, Phys. Rev. A 57, 2072 (1998)
U. Akram, M.R.B. Wahiddin and Z. Ficek, Phys. Lett. A 238, 117 (1998)
G.M. Palma and P.L. Knight, Opt. Commun. 73, 131 (1989)
V. Buzek, P.L. Knight and I.K. Kudryavtsev, Phys. Rev. A 44, 1931 (1991)
Z. Ficek and P.D. Drummond, Physics Today, September 1997, p. 34
L.K. Thomsen and H.M. Wiseman, Phys. Rev. A 64, 043805 (2001)
H.M. Wiseman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3840 (1998)
B.R. Mollow, Phys. Rev. 188, 1969 (1969)
A. Banerjee, Phys. Rev. A 52, 2472 (1995)
S. Smart and S. Swain, Phys. Rev. A 48, R50 (1993)
S. Swain, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1493 (1994)
G.C. Hegerfeldt, T.I. Sachse and D.G. Sondermann, Quant. Semiclass. Opt. 9, 961 (1997)
Q.V. Lawande, B.N. Jagatap and S.V. Lawande, Phys. Rev. A 43, 535 (1991)
A. Joshi and R.R. Puri, Phys. Rev. A 45, 2025 (1992)
S. Smart and S. Swain, J. Mod. Opt. 41, 1055 (1994)
M.R. Ferguson, Z. Ficek and B.J. Dalton, Phys. Rev. A 54, 2379 (1996); 56, 4125 (1997)
M. Jakob and G.Yu. Kryuchkyan, Phys. Rev. A 57, 1355 (1998)
M. Bosticky, Z. Ficek and B.J. Dalton, Phys. Rev. A 53, 4439 (1996)
M. Bosticky, Z. Ficek and B.J. Dalton, Phys. Rev. A 57, 3869 (1998)
M. Bosticky, Z. Ficek and B.J. Dalton, J. Opt. B: Quantum and Semiclass. Opt. 1, 447 (1999)
H.J. Kimble and L. Mandel, Phys. Rev. A 13, 2123 (1976)
Z. Ficek and M.R.B. Wahiddin, Quantum and Semiclass. Opt. 7, 41 (1995)
D. Erenso and R. Vyas, Phys. Rev. A 65, 063808 (2002)
L. Adhya, Phys. Rev. A 63, 043807 (2001)
Z. Ficek and R. Tanas, in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Part 1, Second Edition, Advances in Chemical Physics, Volume 119, ed. M. Evans ( Wiley, New York 2001 ), p. 215
Z. Ficek and R. Tanaâ, Phys. Rep. 372, 369 (2002)
M.A. Anton, O.G. Calderon and F. Carreno, Phys. Lett. A311, 297 (2003)
F. Carreno, M.A. Anton and O.G. Calderon, Opt. Commun. 221, 365 (2003)
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ficek, Z. (2004). Spectroscopy with Three-Level Atoms in a Squeezed Field. In: Drummond, P.D., Ficek, Z. (eds) Quantum Squeezing. Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics, vol 27. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09645-1_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09645-1_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08527-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-09645-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive