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Lipids

  • Chapter
Comparative Animal Biochemistry

Abstract

The term lipid is applied to a multitude of substances of differing chemical structure and biological function whose only common feature is that they are insoluble in water but readily soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, benzene, diethyl ether or hot ethanol. A large proportion of the lipids of living organisms are bound to proteins and these are normally extracted using a chloroform:methanol mixture; the alcohol component takes up water from the tissue, denatures the proteins and releases the lipids, and the chloroform solubilizes the lipids. The hydrophobic nature of the lipids is the basis for their main biological functions as energy reserves, as a critical part of the water-repellent surfaces of terrestrial organisms, and as a component of cellular membranes. Some individual lipids or lipid-like substances have special functions, e.g. as pheromones or hormones (juvenile hormone, steroid hormones), as regulators of hormone action (prostaglandins), as precursors of secondary messengers (phosphatidylinositol), or as recognition signals on the cell surface (glycolipids) [76].

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Urich, K. (1994). Lipids. In: Comparative Animal Biochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06303-3_15

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